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y(database,) 24 b(e-business) g(or) f (departmen) n(tal) h(serv) n(ers,) 249 5300 y(tend) 54 b(to) e(b) r(e) i(deplo) n(y) n(ed) e(on) g(larger) f(symmetric) 249 5400 y(m) n(ultipro) r(cessor) 36 b(\(SMP\)) h(systems.) 66 b(T) -7 b(o) 37 b(supp) r(ort) 2026 1581 y(suc) n(h) 31 b(applications,) h(Lin) n(ux) f(has) g(to) g(scale) g(w) n(ell) g(as) 2026 1681 y(more) 25 b(CPUs) g(are) g(added) h(to) g(an) f(SMP) -7 b(.) 26 b(V) -7 b(ery) 25 b(large) 2026 1780 y(SMPs) 53 b(are) f(increasingly) f(built) j(up) r(on) f(smaller) 2026 1880 y(SMP) h(building) g(blo) r(c) n(ks) g(in) n(terconnected) g(b) n (y) f(a) 2026 1979 y(cac) n(he) 26 b(coheren) n(t) g(in) n(terconnect.) 36 b(As) 27 b(this) h(leads) e(to) 2026 2079 y(non-uniform) h(memory) h (accesses,) e(these) j(systems) 2026 2179 y(are) 22 b(referred) h(to) g (as) g(NUMA) h(systems.) 35 b(Lin) n(ux) 23 b(sys-) 2026 2278 y(tems) 37 b(need) g(to) f(incorp) r(orate) f(NUMA) j(a) n(w) n (areness) 2026 2378 y(in) n(to) 27 b(the) h(base) f(k) 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g(runqueue) f(is) h(examined) f (while) 2026 3673 y(the) 27 b(runqueue) g(lo) r(c) n(k) f(is) h(held.) 37 b(These) 27 b(ha) n(v) n(e) f(a) g(t) n(w) n(o-) 2026 3773 y(fold) 36 b(e\013ect) h(on) f(scalabilit) n(y) -7 b(.) 61 b(As) 36 b(the) g(n) n(um) n(b) r(er) g(of) 2026 3872 y(CPUs) h(increases,) i(there) f(is) g(more) f(p) r(oten) n(tial) h (for) 2026 3972 y(lo) r(c) n(k) 31 b(con) n(ten) n(tion.) 50 b(As) 32 b(the) g(n) n(um) n(b) r(er) g(of) f(runnable) 2026 4072 y(tasks) g(increases,) f(lo) r(c) n(k) h(hold) g(time) h (increases) e(due) 2026 4171 y(to) 18 b(the) h(linear) f(examination) g (of) h(the) g(runqueue.) 33 b(In-) 2026 4271 y(dep) r(enden) n(t) 28 b(of) f(the) g(n) n(um) n(b) r(er) g(of) f(CPUs,) h(increased) 2026 4370 y(lo) r(c) n(k) 32 b(hold) g(time) h(can) f(also) g(cause) f (increased) h(lo) r(c) n(k) 2026 4470 y(con) n(ten) n(tion,) 50 b(dep) r(ending) d(on) f(the) g(frequency) g(of) 2026 4570 y(sc) n(heduling) 22 b(decisions.) 35 b(F) -7 b(or) 22 b(spinlo) r(c) n(ks,) h(increased) 2026 4669 y(lo) r(c) n(k) 33 b(hold) g(time) h(and) f(lo) r(c) n(k) f(con) n(ten) n(tion) h(result) g (in) 2026 4769 y(a) j(direct) h(increase) f(in) h(lo) r(c) n(k) f(w) n (ait) g(time) h(whic) n(h) g(is) 2026 4869 y(a) f(w) n(aste) g(of) g (CPU) h(cycles.) 63 b(These) 36 b(observ) -5 b(ations) 2026 4968 y(are) 41 b(reinforced) g(b) n(y) g(recen) n(t) h(studies.) 79 b(Measure-) 2026 5068 y(men) n(ts) 35 b(using) g(Ja) n(v) -5 b(a) 33 b(b) r(enc) n(hmarks) h([2]) h(sho) n(w) f(that) 2026 5167 y(the) d(sc) n(heduler) e(can) h(consume) f(up) i(to) f(25\045) g (of) g(the) 2026 5267 y(total) g(system) f(time) h(for) g(w) n (orkloads) d(with) j(a) f(large) 2026 5367 y(n) n(um) n(b) r(er) k(of) h (tasks.) 54 b(Another) 33 b(study) h([3]) g(has) f(ob-) p 90 rotate dyy eop %%Page: 2 2 2 1 bop Fj 249 83 a(serv) n(ed) 18 b(run) h(queue) f(lo) r(c) n(k) h (con) n(ten) n(tion) f(to) h(b) r(e) g(as) f(high) 249 183 y(as) 27 b(75\045) g(on) g(a) g(32-w) n(a) n(y) e(SMP) -7 b(.) 332 382 y(T) g(o) 47 b(address) f(these) h(de\014ciencies,) 52 b(our) 46 b(previ-) 249 482 y(ous) 26 b(w) n(ork) f(in) i([5) o(]) g (prop) r(oses) e(and) h(implemen) n(ts) h(t) n(w) n(o) 249 581 y(kinds) d(of) g(k) n(ernel) f(sc) n(hedulers) g(called) h(Multi) g (Queue) 249 681 y(Sc) n(heduler) 36 b(\(MQS\)) h(and) f(Priorit) n(y) f (Lev) n(el) g(Sc) n(hed-) 249 780 y(uler) 45 b(\(PLS\).) h(PLS) g (organizes) d(the) j(global) f(run-) 249 880 y(queue) 30 b(using) f(m) n(ultiple) h(priorit) n(y) f(lev) n(els) g(resulting) 249 980 y(in) 36 b(few) n(er) f(tasks) g(examinations) f(during) i(sc) n (hedul-) 249 1079 y(ing.) g(MQS) 25 b(is) g(designed) f(to) h(address) f (the) i(issues) e(of) 249 1179 y(lo) r(c) n(k) d(con) n(ten) n(tion) g (and) g(lo) r(c) n(k) g(hold) h(time) g(sim) n(ultane-) 249 1279 y(ously) -7 b(.) 44 b(It) 30 b(do) r(es) g(this) g(b) n(y) g (splitting) g(up) h(the) f(global) 249 1378 y(runqueue) 45 b(and) g(its) g(asso) r(ciated) f(lo) r(c) n(k) h(in) n(to) f(p) r(er-) 249 1478 y(CPU) 38 b(equiv) -5 b(alen) n(ts.) 68 b(The) 39 b(t) n(w) n(o) e(sc) n(hedulers) g(ha) n(v) n(e) 249 1577 y(b) r(een) 27 b(ev) -5 b(aluated) 26 b(on) g(an) g(8-w) n(a) n(y) e(SMP) j(using) f(a) g(v) -5 b(a-) 249 1677 y(riet) n(y) 25 b(of) h(relev) -5 b(an) n(t) 25 b(w) n(orkloads.) 34 b(Our) 26 b(results) f(sho) n(w) 249 1777 y(that) i(lo) r(c) n(k) f (con) n(ten) n(tion) g(is) h(the) g(greater) e(of) i(the) g(t) n(w) n (o) 249 1876 y(problems) 43 b(and) g(that) h(MQS) g(outp) r(erforms) f (b) r(oth) 249 1976 y(the) d(default) g(SMP) f(sc) n(heduler) g (\(DSS\)) i(and) f(PLS) 249 2076 y(in) 31 b(most) g(cases.) 46 b(Both) 31 b(PLS) g(and) g(MQS) f(attempt) 249 2175 y(to) 40 b(b) r(e) h(functionally) f(equiv) -5 b(alen) n(t) 41 b(to) f(DSS.) h(As) g(a) 249 2275 y(result,) 27 b(MQS) f(ends) g(up) h (doing) f(an) g(O\(N) p Fg 1521 2287 a(cpus) p Fj 1660 2275 a(\)) h(scan) 249 2374 y(lo) r(oking) 18 b(for) g(the) h(globally) e(b) r(est) i(candidate.) 34 b(While) 249 2474 y(this) 20 b(has) f(minimal) h(impact) f(on) g(lo) r(c) n(k) g(con) n(ten) n (tion,) i(it) 249 2574 y(do) r(es) 26 b(lea) n(v) n(e) f(MQS) h(op) r (en) h(to) f(scalabilit) n(y) f(concerns.) 249 2673 y(A) f (side-e\013ect) f(of) g(making) g(a) f(global) h(decision) f(is) h(an) 249 2773 y(exp) r(ected) 33 b(increase) d(in) j(the) f(n) n(um) n(b) r (er) g(of) g(task) g(mi-) 249 2873 y(grations) g(across) f(CPUs) i (leading) f(to) h(an) g(increase) 249 2972 y(in) f(cac) n(he) f (misses,) i(and) f(on) g(NUMA) h(systems,) f(in-) 249 3072 y(creased) 26 b(accesses) g(to) i(remote) f(memory) -7 b(.) 332 3271 y(In) 33 b(this) g(pap) r(er,) h(w) n(e) e(mak) n(e) g (an) g(initial) h(attempt) 249 3371 y(to) 26 b(address) f(these) i (problems) e(b) n(y) h(using) g(pro) r(cessor) 249 3470 y(p) r(o) r(oling.) 78 b(Pro) r(cessor) 39 b(p) r(o) r(oling) i(is) g (implemen) n(ted) 249 3570 y(b) n(y) 26 b(an) f(extension) h(of) f (MQS,) h(called) g(P) n(o) r(oled) e(Multi) 249 3670 y(Queue) 39 b(Sc) n(heduler) f(\(PMQS\),) h(whic) n(h) g(partitions) 249 3769 y(the) 26 b(CPUs) e(of) h(an) g(SMP) g(in) n(to) g(subsets) g(for) g(making) 249 3869 y(sc) n(heduling) 39 b(decisions.) 72 b(This) 40 b(places) f(an) g(upp) r(er) 249 3968 y(b) r(ound) 34 b(on) g(the) g(scop) r(e) g(of) g(the) g(searc) n(h) e(for) i(candi-) 249 4068 y(date) c(CPUs) f(and) h(tasks) f(and) h(is) g(exp) r(ected) g (to) g(im-) 249 4168 y(pro) n(v) n(e) 37 b(sc) n(heduler) g(p) r (erformance.) 67 b(It) 39 b(is) f(also) f(ex-) 249 4267 y(p) r(ected) 29 b(to) f(impro) n(v) n(e) f(system) h(throughput) g(b) n (y) g(de-) 249 4367 y(creasing) k(the) h(probabilit) n(y) f(of) h(cac) n (he) g(misses) f(and) 249 4467 y(remote) 38 b(memory) f(accesses.) 68 b(Ho) n(w) n(ev) n(er,) 39 b(pro) r(ces-) 249 4566 y(sor) 33 b(p) r(o) r(oling) g(can) g(create) g(load) g(im) n(balance) g(prob-) 249 4666 y(lems) f(due) g(to) f(runqueue) g(partitioning.) 49 b(W) -7 b(e) 32 b(lo) r(ok) 249 4765 y(at) 22 b(t) n(w) n(o) f(w) n(a) n (ys) f(of) i(balancing) f(CPU) g(loads.) 34 b(The) 22 b(ini-) 249 4865 y(tial) 29 b(placemen) n(t) f(\(IP\)) h(sc) n(heme) f (places) g(newly) g(cre-) 249 4965 y(ated) e(tasks) g(on) f(the) i (least) f(loaded) f(CPU) h(and) g(do) r(es) 249 5064 y(not) 35 b(in) n(terfere) g(with) h(the) f(functioning) h(of) f(PMQS) 249 5164 y(thereafter.) 50 b(The) 33 b(other) e(w) n(a) n(y) g(of) i (load) e(balancing) 249 5264 y(is) k(more) e(aggressiv) n(e.) 55 b(It) 35 b(runs) f(p) r(erio) r(dically) g(and) 249 5363 y(explicitly) h(balances) g(CPU) g(runqueues) f(b) n(y) h(mo) n(v-) 2026 83 y(ing) 27 b(runnable) h(tasks) e(b) r(et) n(w) n(een) i(them.) 2109 282 y(Pro) r(cessor) 37 b(p) r(o) r(oling) i(is) h(not) f(a) h(new) g (idea.) 72 b([7]) 2026 382 y(has) 26 b(done) h(a) g(sim) n (ulation-based) e(study) i(of) g(pro) r(ces-) 2026 482 y(sor) 21 b(p) r(o) r(oling) h(for) g(parallel) f(systems.) 35 b(Their) 22 b(results) 2026 581 y(indicate) 33 b(that) h(suc) n(h) f(p) r(o) r(oling) g(reduces) f(the) i(a) n(v) n(er-) 2026 681 y(age) 40 b(job) h(resp) r(onse) f(time.) 78 b(The) 41 b(imp) r(ortance) g(of) 2026 780 y(cac) n(he-a\016nit) n(y) 28 b(in) i(making) g(sc) n(heduling) f(decisions) 2026 880 y(has) 19 b(b) r(een) i(sho) n(wn) e(in) h([8,) g(9) o(]) g(using) g (sim) n(ulations) f(and) 2026 980 y(analytical) 26 b(mo) r(dels.) 37 b(The) 27 b(e\013ect) h(of) f(initial) h(place-) 2026 1079 y(men) n(t) 21 b(as) e(a) h(load) g(balancing) f(mec) n(hanism) h (has) g(b) r(een) 2026 1179 y(sim) n(ulated) 37 b(in) g([4) o(].) 65 b(In) 37 b(this) g(pap) r(er,) i(w) n(e) d(tak) n(e) g(an) 2026 1279 y(implemen) n(tation) 30 b(based) f(approac) n(h) f(to) h(pro) r (cessor) 2026 1378 y(p) r(o) r(oling) e(in) h(the) g(con) n(text) f(of) h(Lin) n(ux.) 2109 1577 y(W) -7 b(e) 49 b(examine) g(the) g(p) r (erformance) f(of) g(pro) r(ces-) 2026 1677 y(sor) 36 b(p) r(o) r(oling) i(using) f(t) n(w) n(o) g(represen) n(tativ) n(e) e (b) r(enc) n(h-) 2026 1777 y(marks,) 59 b(Mkb) r(enc) n(h) 54 b(and) f(Chat,) 60 b(on) 53 b(a) h(16-w) n(a) n(y) 2026 1876 y(NUMA) 41 b(system) f(and) g(on) g(an) g(8-w) n(a) n(y) e(SMP) -7 b(.) 40 b(F) -7 b(or) 2026 1976 y(Mkb) r(enc) n(h,) 25 b(on) g(the) g(NUMA) g(system) g(w) n(e) f(\014nd) h(that) 2026 2076 y(PMQS) 38 b(sho) n(ws) f(substan) n(tial) h(b) r(ene\014ts) h(o) n (v) n(er) d(DSS) 2026 2175 y(and) 49 b(MQS.) f(These) h(b) r(ene\014ts) g(are) f(ev) n(en) g(higher) 2026 2275 y(when) 40 b(no) f(load) g (balancing) g(is) h(done.) 73 b(Ho) n(w) n(ev) n(er,) 2026 2374 y(for) 24 b(Chat,) h(while) g(PMQS) e(do) r(es) h(outp) r(erform) g (DSS,) 2026 2474 y(it) 32 b(do) r(es) g(substan) n(tially) f(w) n(orse) f(than) i(MQS.) g(Ev) n(en) 2026 2574 y(though) g(w) n(e) f(feel) h (that) g(Mkb) r(enc) n(h) h(is) e(more) g(repre-) 2026 2673 y(sen) n(tativ) n(e) 26 b(of) h(serv) n(er) e(w) n(orkloads,) g (the) i(mixed) g(p) r(er-) 2026 2773 y(formance) 32 b(mak) n(es) g(it) h (di\016cult) h(to) f(generalize) f(the) 2026 2873 y(results) 41 b(of) h(this) g(pap) r(er) g(and) f(dra) n(w) g(strong) g(con-) 2026 2972 y(clusions) 35 b(ab) r(out) g(the) h(e\016cacy) e(of) h(p) r(o) r (oling) g(under) 2026 3072 y(Lin) n(ux.) 91 b(These) 45 b(are) f(only) h(preliminary) g(imple-) 2026 3171 y(men) n(tations) d (and) g(results) g(of) h(the) g(p) r(o) r(oling) f(con-) 2026 3271 y(cept.) 36 b(Muc) n(h) 23 b(w) n(ork) f(remains) g(to) h(b) r(e) h (done) f(to) g(mak) n(e) 2026 3371 y(stronger) j(pronouncemen) n(ts.) 2109 3570 y(The) 36 b(rest) f(of) g(the) h(pap) r(er) f(is) h (organized) d(as) i(fol-) 2026 3670 y(lo) n(ws.) 63 b(In) 37 b(Sections) f(2) g(and) 73 b(3) 36 b(w) n(e) g(describ) r(e) h(the) 2026 3769 y(default) 32 b(SMP) g(sc) n(heduler) f(\(DSS\)) i(and) f(the) g (Multi) 2026 3869 y(Queue) 43 b(Sc) n(heduler) f(\(MQS\)) i(resp) r (ectiv) n(ely) -7 b(.) 82 b(The) 2026 3968 y(P) n(o) r(oled) 46 b(Multi) i(Queue) g(Sc) n(heduler) f(\(PMQS\)) g(is) 2026 4068 y(presen) n(ted) 25 b(in) g(Section) h(4.) 36 b(The) 25 b(load) g(balancing) f(is) 2026 4168 y(describ) r(ed) f(in) g(Section) g (6.) 34 b(Section) 23 b(7) g(con) n(tains) f(the) 2026 4267 y(p) r(erformance) 31 b(results) g(and) g(Section) g(8) h (concludes) 2026 4367 y(with) c(directions) f(for) g(future) h(w) n (ork.) p Fh 2026 4792 a(2) 112 b(Default) 26 b(SMP) g(Sc) m(heduler) g (\(DSS\)) p Fj 2109 5101 a(The) d(default) g(SMP) g(sc) n(heduler) f (\(DSS\)) i(in) f(Lin) n(ux) 2026 5201 y(2.4.x) 35 b(treats) g(pro) r (cesses) g(and) h(threads) f(the) i(same) 2026 5300 y(w) n(a) n(y) -7 b(,) 20 b(referring) e(to) i(them) g(as) f(tasks.) 34 b(Eac) n(h) 18 b(task) i(has) 2026 5400 y(a) 34 b(corresp) r(onding) e (data) i(structure) g(whic) n(h) g(main-) p 90 rotate dyy eop %%Page: 3 3 3 2 bop Fj 249 83 a(tains) 29 b(state) f(related) g(to) h(address) f (space,) g(memory) 249 183 y(managemen) n(t,) 36 b(signal) e(managemen) n(t,) h(op) r(en) g(\014les) 249 282 y(and) 40 b(privileges.) 72 b(T) -7 b(raditional) 39 b(threading) g(mo) r(d-) 249 382 y(els) 34 b(and) f(ligh) n(t-w) n(eigh) n(t) f(pro) r(cesses) h (are) f(supp) r(orted) 249 482 y(through) 27 b(the) p Ff 28 w(clone) p Fj 26 w(system) g(call.) 332 681 y(F) -7 b(or) 23 b(the) g(purp) r(ose) g(of) g(sc) n(heduling,) h(time) g(is) f (mea-) 249 780 y(sured) 35 b(in) h(arc) n(hitecture-dep) r(enden) n(t) f (units) g(called) 249 880 y(tic) n(ks.) i(On) 27 b(x86) g(systems,) g (timer) h(tic) n(ks) f(are) f(gener-) 249 980 y(ated) 33 b(at) g(a) g(10ms) g(resolution.) 53 b(Eac) n(h) 32 b(task) g(main-) 249 1079 y(tains) 47 b(a) f(coun) n(ter) g(\() p Ff(tsk->counter) p Fj(\)) c(whic) n(h) 47 b(ex-) 249 1179 y(presses) 40 b(the) h(time) h(quan) n(tum) f(for) f(whic) n(h) h(it) g(can) 249 1279 y(execute) 18 b(b) r(efore) g(it) h(can) f(b) r(e) h(preempted.) 34 b(By) 18 b(decre-) 249 1378 y(men) n(ting) k(this) h(coun) n(ter) e(on) h(timer) g(tic) n(k) g(in) n(terrupts,) 249 1478 y(DSS) 29 b(implemen) n(ts) g(a) f(priorit) n(y-deca) n(y) e(mec) n(hanism) 249 1577 y(for) f(non-realtime) g(tasks.) 35 b(The) 26 b(priorit) n(y) e (of) h(a) h(task) 249 1677 y(is) 21 b(determined) h(b) n(y) f(a) p Ff 21 w(goodness\(\)) p Fj 17 w(v) -5 b(alue) 22 b(that) f(de-) 249 1777 y(p) r(ends) 33 b(on) g(its) g(remaining) f(time) h(quan) n(tum,) p Ff 35 w(nice) p Fj 249 1876 a(v) -5 b(alue) 33 b(and) g(the) g (a\016nit) n(y) g(to) n(w) n(ards) e(the) j(last) e(CPU) 249 1976 y(on) 37 b(whic) n(h) g(it) h(ran.) 65 b(DSS) 38 b(supp) r(orts) e(preemption) 249 2076 y(of) j(tasks) f(only) h(when) g (they) g(run) g(in) h(user) e(mo) r(de.) 249 2175 y(Priorit) n(y) 32 b(preemption) j(can) f(o) r(ccur) f(an) n(y) h(time) h(the) 249 2275 y(sc) n(heduler) 27 b(runs.) 332 2474 y(The) 41 b(k) n(ernel) f(sc) n(heduler) g(consists) g(of) h(t) n(w) n(o) f(pri-) 249 2574 y(mary) 27 b(functions) h(:) 309 2814 y(1.) p Ff 41 w(schedule\(void\)) 38 b(:) p Fj 114 w(This) 67 b(function) g(is) 415 2914 y(called) 40 b(sync) n(hronously) f(b) n(y) h (a) h(pro) r(cessor) d(to) 415 3013 y(select) 54 b(the) g(next) h(task) e(to) h(run) g(e.g.) 115 b(at) 415 3113 y(the) 40 b(end) f(of) p Ff 45 w(sleep\(\)) p Fj(,) p Ff 40 w(wait) p 1402 3113 27 4 v 29 w(for) p 1563 3113 V 30 w(IO\(\)) p Fj 38 w(or) p Ff 415 3213 a(schedule) p 772 3213 V 28 w(timeout\(\)) p Fj(.) 74 b(It) 41 b(is) g(also) f(called) 415 3312 y(preemptiv) n(ely) 23 b(on) g(the) h(return) f(path) g(from) g(an) 415 3412 y(in) n(terrupt) g(e.g.) 35 b(a) 22 b(resc) n(hedule-IPI) f(\(in) n (terpro-) 415 3512 y(cessor) f(in) n(terrupt\)) h(from) g(another) f (pro) r(cessor,) 415 3611 y(I/O) 27 b(completion) g(or) g(system) g (call.) 309 3765 y(2.) p Ff 41 w(reschedule) p 860 3765 V 27 w(idle\(task) p 1283 3765 V 28 w(struct) 415 3864 y(*tsk\)) 42 b(:) p Fj 108 w(This) 64 b(function) g(is) g(called) f(in) p Ff 415 3964 a(wake) p 596 3964 V 30 w(up) p 714 3964 V 30 w(process\(\)) p Fj 49 w(to) 52 b(\014nd) g(a) g(suitable) 415 4064 y(pro) r(cessor) 36 b(on) j(whic) n(h) f(the) h(parameter) e(task) 415 4163 y(can) d(b) r(e) h(dispatc) n(hed.) p Ff 56 w(wake) p 1340 4163 V 30 w(up) p 1458 4163 V 31 w(process\(\)) p Fj 415 4263 a(is) 50 b(called) h(when) f(a) g(task) g(is) h(\014rst) f (created) 415 4362 y(or) h(when) g(it) h(has) f(to) g(b) r(e) g(re-en) n (tered) f(in) n(to) 415 4462 y(the) 62 b(runqueue) f(after) g(an) g (I/O) g(or) f(sleep) 415 4562 y(op) r(eration.) p Ff 143 w(reschedule) p 1371 4562 V 28 w(idle\(\)) p Fj 61 w(tries) 415 4661 y(to) 41 b(\014nd) h(either) f(an) g(idle) h(pro) r (cessor) d(or) h(one) 415 4761 y(whic) n(h) 47 b(is) g(running) g(a) f (task) h(with) g(a) g(lo) n(w) n(er) 415 4861 y(go) r(o) r(dness) 41 b(v) -5 b(alue.) 78 b(If) 42 b(successful,) j(it) d(sends) 415 4960 y(an) 49 b(IPI) g(to) h(the) f(target) g(CPU,) g(forcing) g(it) 415 5060 y(to) 40 b(in) n(v) n(ok) n(e) p Ff 39 w(schedule\(\)) p Fj 36 w(and) g(preempt) g(its) 415 5159 y(curren) n(tly) 27 b(running) g(task.) 332 5400 y(In) n(ternally) -7 b(,) 25 b(the) g(sc) n(heduler) g(main) n(tains) f(a) h(single) 2026 83 y(runqueue) e(protected) g(b) n(y) g(a) g(spinlo) r(c) n(k.) 35 b(The) 23 b(queue) 2026 183 y(is) 44 b(unordered,) k(whic) n(h) c(allo) n(ws) f(tasks) g(to) h(b) r(e) h(in-) 2026 282 y(serted) 23 b(and) g(deleted) h(e\016cien) n(tly) -7 b(.) 36 b(Ho) n(w) n(ev) n (er,) 22 b(in) i(or-) 2026 382 y(der) h(to) h(select) f(a) h(new) f (task) g(to) h(run,) g(the) g(sc) n(heduler) 2026 482 y(has) h(to) g(lo) r(c) n(k) f(and) h(tra) n(v) n(erse) e(the) j(en) n (tire) e(runqueue,) 2026 581 y(comparing) 20 b(the) h(go) r(o) r(dness) f(v) -5 b(alue) 21 b(of) g(eac) n(h) f(sc) n(hedu-) 2026 681 y(lable) 33 b(task.) 54 b(A) 34 b(task) f(is) g(considered) g(sc) n (hedulable) 2026 780 y(if) e(it) h(is) f(not) f(already) g(running) g (and) h(it) g(is) g(enabled) 2026 880 y(for) 36 b(dispatc) n(h) h(on) f (the) h(target) f(CPU.) g(The) h(go) r(o) r(d-) 2026 980 y(ness) 43 b(v) -5 b(alue,) 48 b(determined) c(b) n(y) g(the) p Ff 44 w(goodness\(\)) p Fj 2026 1079 a(function,) 23 b(distinguishes) e(b) r(et) n(w) n(een) g(three) g(t) n(yp) r(es) g(of) 2026 1179 y(tasks) h(:) 35 b(realtime) 22 b(tasks) g(\(v) -5 b(alues) 23 b(1000+\),) f(regular) 2026 1279 y(tasks) 29 b(\(v) -5 b(alues) 30 b(b) r(et) n(w) n(een) f(0) h(and) f(1000\)) f (and) i(tasks) 2026 1378 y(whic) n(h) k(ha) n(v) n(e) e(yielded) i(the) g(pro) r(cessor) e(\(v) -5 b(alue) 33 b(-1\).) 2026 1478 y(F) -7 b(or) 23 b(regular) e(tasks,) j(the) f(go) r(o) r(dness) g(v) -5 b(alue) 23 b(consists) 2026 1577 y(of) h(a) g(static) h(or) e (non-a\016nit) n(y) h(part) g(and) g(a) g(dynamic) 2026 1677 y(or) 40 b(a\016nit) n(y) h(part.) 77 b(The) 41 b(non-a\016nit) n(y) f(go) r(o) r(dness) 2026 1777 y(dep) r(ends) 26 b(on) f(the) h(task's) p Ff 25 w(counter) p Fj 23 w(and) p Ff 25 w(nice) p Fj 25 w(v) -5 b(al-) 2026 1876 y(ues.) 36 b(The) 24 b(a\016nit) n(y) h(part) f(accoun) n(ts) g(for) g(the) h(an) n (tici-) 2026 1976 y(pated) h(o) n(v) n(erheads) d(of) i(cac) n(he) g (misses) g(and) g(page) f(ta-) 2026 2076 y(ble) j(switc) n(hes) e (incurred) h(as) g(a) g(result) g(of) g(migrating) 2026 2175 y(tasks) 18 b(across) f(CPUs.) 33 b(If) 20 b(the) f(in) n(v) n (oking) e(CPU) i(is) g(the) 2026 2275 y(same) f(as) g(the) h(one) f (the) h(task) f(last) g(ran) g(on,) i(the) f(go) r(o) r(d-) 2026 2374 y(ness) 33 b(v) -5 b(alue) 34 b(is) f(b) r(o) r(osted) h(b) n(y) f (an) h(arc) n(hitecture) e(de-) 2026 2474 y(p) r(enden) n(t) 39 b(v) -5 b(alue) 38 b(called) p Ff 38 w(PROC) p 3007 2474 V 30 w(CHANGE) p 3301 2474 V 29 w(PENALTY) p Fj(.) 2026 2574 y(If) 23 b(the) f(memory) f(managemen) n(t) g(ob) 5 b(ject) 22 b(\() p Ff(tsk->mm) p Fj(\)) 2026 2673 y(is) 32 b(the) h(same,) g(go) r(o) r(dness) f(v) -5 b(alues) 32 b(are) f(b) r(o) r(osted) h(b) n(y) 2026 2773 y(1.) j(The) 24 b(coun) n(ter) e(v) -5 b(alues) 23 b(of) g(all) g(tasks) g(are) f (recalcu-) 2026 2873 y(lated) 31 b(when) g(all) g(sc) n(hedulable) g (tasks) f(on) h(the) h(run-) 2026 2972 y(queue) j(ha) n(v) n(e) f (expired) h(their) h(time) f(quan) n(ta.) 60 b(Due) 2026 3072 y(to) 39 b(space) e(limitations,) 42 b(w) n(e) c(refer) g(the) h (reader) e(to) 2026 3171 y(detailed) 28 b(descriptions) e(of) i(DSS) g (in) 56 b([6) o(,) 28 b(1].) 2109 3371 y(The) 46 b(implications) f(of) h (the) g(sc) n(heduling) f(algo-) 2026 3470 y(rithm) c(for) f(large) f (SMP) h(and) g(NUMA) i(mac) n(hines) 2026 3570 y(is) 28 b(discussed) f(in) h(Section) f(4.) p Fh 2026 3987 a(3) 112 b(Multi) 198 b(Queue) i(Sc) m(heduler) 2194 4103 y(\(MQS\)) p Fj 2109 4404 a(The) 34 b(Multi) g(Queue) g(Sc) n(heduler) f(\(MQS\)) i (is) e(de-) 2026 4503 y(signed) 25 b(to) g(address) e(scalabilit) n(y) h (b) n(y) h(reducing) g(lo) r(c) n(k) 2026 4603 y(con) n(ten) n(tion) 36 b(and) h(lo) r(c) n(k) f(hold) h(times) g(while) g(main-) 2026 4703 y(taining) i(functional) h(equiv) -5 b(alence) 39 b(with) h(DSS.) h(It) 2026 4802 y(breaks) g(up) i(the) g(global) f (run-queue) g(and) g(global) 2026 4902 y(run-queue) 36 b(lo) r(c) n(k) h(in) n(to) g(corresp) r(onding) e(p) r(er-CPU) 2026 5001 y(structures.) 59 b(Lo) r(c) n(k) 35 b(hold) g(times) h(are) e (reduced) h(b) n(y) 2026 5101 y(limiting) 46 b(the) f(examination) g (of) g(tasks) f(to) h(those) 2026 5201 y(on) 33 b(the) g(runqueue) f (of) h(the) g(in) n(v) n(oking) f(CPU) g(along) 2026 5300 y(with) 23 b(an) g(in) n(telligen) n(t) f(examination) g(of) h (data) f(corre-) 2026 5400 y(sp) r(onding) 32 b(to) f(the) i(non-lo) r (cal) d(runqueues.) 49 b(More-) p 90 rotate dyy eop %%Page: 4 4 4 3 bop Fj 249 83 a(o) n(v) n(er,) 25 b(the) h(absence) f(of) h(a) f (global) g(lo) r(c) n(k) g(allo) n(ws) f(m) n(ul-) 249 183 y(tiple) 34 b(instances) f(of) g(the) g(sc) n(heduler) g(to) g(b) r (e) h(run) f(in) 249 282 y(parallel,) 42 b(reducing) d(lo) r(c) n(k) g (w) n(ait) h(time) g(related) f(to) 249 382 y(lo) r(c) n(k) f(con) n (ten) n(tion.) 69 b(T) -7 b(ogether) 37 b(these) i(reduce) f(the) 249 482 y(sc) n(heduler) 26 b(related) h(lo) r(c) n(k) f(con) n(ten) n (tion) h(seen) g(b) n(y) g(the) 249 581 y(system.) 332 780 y(MQS) 20 b(de\014nes) g(p) r(er-CPU) f(runqueues) g(whic) n(h) h (are) 249 880 y(similar) 43 b(to) g(the) g(global) f(runqueue) h(of) h (the) f(DSS) 249 980 y(sc) n(heduler.) 67 b(Related) 38 b(information) f(suc) n(h) h(as) f(the) 249 1079 y(n) n(um) n(b) r(er) 24 b(of) h(runnable) f(tasks) f(on) h(this) h(runqueue) f(is) 249 1179 y(main) n(tained) f(and) h(protected) f(b) n(y) g(a) h(p) r (er-CPU) f(run-) 249 1279 y(queue) 28 b(lo) r(c) n(k.) 332 1478 y(The) p Ff 30 w(schedule\(\)) p Fj 26 w(routine) i(of) f(MQS) h (op) r(erates) 249 1577 y(in) j(t) n(w) n(o) e(distinct) i(phases.) 51 b(In) 33 b(the) f(\014rst) h(phase,) g(it) 249 1677 y(examines) e(the) i (lo) r(cal) e(runqueue) g(of) h(the) h(in) n(v) n(oking) 249 1777 y(CPU) 28 b(and) f(\014nds) h(the) h(b) r(est) f(lo) r(cal) f (task) h(to) f(run.) 38 b(In) 249 1876 y(the) 29 b(second) e(phase,) h (it) g(compares) f(this) h(lo) r(cal) g(can-) 249 1976 y(didate) g(with) g(top) f(candidates) g(from) h(remote) f(run-) 249 2076 y(queues) g(and) h(c) n(ho) r(oses) e(the) i(global) e(b) r(est.) 332 2275 y(In) 31 b(more) f(detail,) h(the) p Ff 31 w(schedule\(\)) p Fj 27 w(routine) f(of) 249 2374 y(MQS) 39 b(acquires) e(the) i (runqueue) g(lo) r(c) n(k) f(of) h(the) g(in-) 249 2474 y(v) n(oking) i(CPU's) i(runqueue) f(and) h(scans) e(the) i(lat-) 249 2574 y(ter) 29 b(lo) r(oking) g(for) g(the) h(sc) n(hedulable) f(task) g (with) h(the) 249 2673 y(highest) 51 b(go) r(o) r(dness) e(v) -5 b(alue.) 106 b(T) -7 b(o) 50 b(facilitate) h(the) 249 2773 y(global) 38 b(decision) h(in) g(the) h(second) f(phase,) i(it) f (also) 249 2873 y(records) 25 b(the) j(second) e(highest) h (non-a\016nit) n(y) f(go) r(o) r(d-) 249 2972 y(ness) 43 b(v) -5 b(alue) 43 b(in) g(the) p Ff 43 w(max) p 1078 2972 27 4 v 30 w(na) p 1196 2972 V 31 w(goodness) p Fj 40 w(\014eld) g(of) 249 3072 y(the) c(lo) r(cal) f(runqueue.) 70 b(The) 38 b(non-a\016nit) n(y) g(go) r(o) r(d-) 249 3171 y(ness) k(\(henceforth) h(called) f(na) p 1239 3171 25 4 v 30 w(go) r(o) r(dness\)) f(is) i(the) 249 3271 y(go) r(o) r(dness) e (v) -5 b(alue) 42 b(of) g(a) g(task) f(without) i(an) n(y) e(con-) 249 3371 y(sideration) 32 b(for) h(CPU) g(or) f(memory) g(map) h(a\016nit) n (y) -7 b(.) 249 3470 y(The) 31 b(lo) r(cal) g(candidate's) g(go) r(o) r (dness) f(v) -5 b(alue) 31 b(\(whic) n(h) 249 3570 y(includes) j (appropriate) d(a\016nit) n(y) i(b) r(o) r(osts\)) h(is) f(com-) 249 3670 y(pared) 28 b(with) i(the) p Ff 29 w(max) p 953 3670 27 4 v 30 w(na) p 1071 3670 V 31 w(goodness) p Fj 25 w(of) f(all) g(other) 249 3769 y(runqueues) i(to) h(determine) g (the) g(b) r(est) g(global) f(can-) 249 3869 y(didate.) 75 b(If) 41 b(the) g(global) e(candidate) h(is) g(on) g(a) g(re-) 249 3968 y(mote) 32 b(runqueue,) p Ff 33 w(schedule\(\)) p Fj 28 w(tries) f(to) h(acquire) 249 4068 y(the) c(corresp) r(onding) e (lo) r(c) n(k) h(and) g(mo) n(v) n(e) g(that) h(candi-) 249 4168 y(date) c(task) f(o) n(v) n(er) f(to) h(its) h(lo) r(cal) f (runqueue.) 35 b(If) 24 b(it) g(fails) 249 4267 y(to) 33 b(acquire) f(the) i(lo) r(c) n(k) e(or) h(the) g(remote) g(task) f(is) h (no) 249 4367 y(longer) 23 b(a) g(candidate) h(\(its) g(na) p 1172 4367 25 4 v 30 w(go) r(o) r(dness) f(v) -5 b(alue) 24 b(has) 249 4467 y(c) n(hanged\),) p Ff 32 w(schedule\(\)) p Fj 27 w(skips) 30 b(the) i(corresp) r(ond-) 249 4566 y(ing) 37 b(runqueue) g(and) g(tries) g(again) f(with) h(the) h(next) 249 4666 y(b) r(est) 43 b(global) e(candidate.) 81 b(In) 42 b(these) g(situations,) 249 4765 y(MQS's) 36 b(decisions) g(deviate) g (sligh) n(tly) g(from) g(those) 249 4865 y(made) 30 b(b) n(y) g(DSS) h (e.g.) 44 b(the) 31 b(third) f(b) r(est) h(task) f(of) g(the) 249 4965 y(skipp) r(ed) 23 b(runqueue) f(could) g(also) f(ha) n(v) n(e) g (b) r(een) i(a) f(can-) 249 5064 y(didate) 28 b(but) g(is) f(not) h (considered) f(as) g(one) g(b) n(y) g(MQS.) 332 5264 y(The) p Ff 91 w(reschedule) p 1011 5264 27 4 v 27 w(idle\(\)) p Fj 89 w(function) 92 b(at-) 249 5363 y(tempts) 56 b(to) f(\014nd) h(a) f (CPU) g(for) g(a) g(task) g(whic) n(h) 2026 83 y(b) r(ecomes) 38 b(runnable.) 68 b(It) 39 b(creates) e(a) h(list) h(of) f(can-) 2026 183 y(didate) 56 b(CPUs) f(and) h(the) g(na) p 3029 183 25 4 v 30 w(go) r(o) r(dness) e(v) -5 b(alues) 2026 282 y(of) 43 b(tasks) e(curren) n(tly) h(running) g(on) g(those) g(CPUs.) 2026 382 y(It) c(c) n(ho) r(oses) e(a) h(target) f(CPU) i(in) f(m) n (uc) n(h) h(the) g(same) 2026 482 y(w) n(a) n(y) 46 b(as) g(the) p Ff 47 w(schedule\(\)) p Fj 43 w(routine,) 51 b(trying) 46 b(to) 2026 581 y(acquire) 40 b(a) g(runqueue) g(lo) r(c) n(k) h(and) f (v) n(erifying) g(that) 2026 681 y(the) p Ff 42 w(na) p 2276 681 27 4 v 31 w(goodness) p Fj 38 w(v) -5 b(alue) 41 b(is) h(still) g(v) -5 b(alid.) 78 b(Once) 2026 780 y(a) 44 b(target) f(CPU) h(is) g(determined,) 49 b(it) c(mo) n(v) n(es) e(the) 2026 880 y(task) 65 b(denoted) i(b) n(y) e(its) h(argumen) n(t) f(on) n (to) h(the) 2026 980 y(target) 50 b(CPU's) h(runqueue) g(and) g(sends) g (an) h(IPI) 2026 1079 y(to) 42 b(the) g(target) f(CPU) h(to) g(force) f (a) p Ff 42 w(schedule\(\)) p Fj(.) p Ff 2026 1179 a(reschedule) p 2471 1179 V 27 w(idle\(\)) p Fj 89 w(main) n(tains) 91 b(functional) 2026 1279 y(equiv) -5 b(alence) 27 b(with) h(DSS) g(in) g (other) f(w) n(a) n(ys) f(to) r(o.) 37 b(If) 27 b(a) 2026 1378 y(tasks') 37 b(previous) g(CPU) h(is) g(idle,) j(it) e(is) f(c) n (hosen) f(as) 2026 1478 y(the) j(target.) 74 b(Amongst) 39 b(other) h(idle) g(CPUs,) j(the) 2026 1577 y(one) 26 b(whic) n(h) g(has) g(b) r(een) h(idle) f(the) h(longest) f(is) g(c) n (hosen) 2026 1677 y(\014rst.) 2109 1876 y(MQS's) 42 b(treatmen) n(t) h (of) f(realtime) g(tasks) g(tak) n(es) 2026 1976 y(in) n(to) 37 b(accoun) n(t) f(the) h(con\015icting) f(requiremen) n(ts) g(of) 2026 2076 y(e\016cien) n(t) 46 b(dispatc) n(h) g(and) g(the) g(need) g(to) g (supp) r(ort) 2026 2175 y(Round) 34 b(Robin) f(and) h(FIF) n(O) f(sc) n (heduling) g(p) r(olicies.) 2026 2275 y(Lik) n(e) 41 b(DSS,) h(it) g(k) n(eeps) e(runnable) h(realtime) g(tasks) 2026 2374 y(on) 30 b(a) f(separate) g(global) g(runqueue) h(and) g(pro) r (cesses) 2026 2474 y(them) e(the) g(same) f(w) n(a) n(y) -7 b(.) 2109 2673 y(The) 24 b(implemen) n(tation) f(of) h(MQS) f(a) n(v) n (oids) f(unnec-) 2026 2773 y(essary) 32 b(cac) n(he) g(misses) h(and) h (false) f(sharing.) 53 b(Run-) 2026 2873 y(queue) 43 b(data) f(is) h(allo) r(cated) f(in) h(p) r(er-CPU) f(cac) n(he-) 2026 2972 y(aligned) 21 b(data) h(structures.) 34 b(Implications) 22 b(of) g(MQS) 2026 3072 y(for) 44 b(large) f(SMP) h(and) g(NUMA) h (systems) f(is) g(dis-) 2026 3171 y(cussed) 27 b(in) h(Section) g(4) p Fh 2026 3588 a(4) 112 b(P) m(o) s(oled) 72 b(Multi) f(Queue) j(Sc) m (hed-) 2194 3705 y(uler) 37 b(\(PMQS\)) p Fj 2109 4005 a(Before) 30 b(describing) f(the) i(design) f(of) g(the) h(p) r(o) r (oled) 2026 4105 y(m) n(ultiqueue) h(sc) n(heduler,) g(it) g(is) f (instructiv) n(e) g(to) h(ex-) 2026 4204 y(amine) i(the) h (implications) e(of) i(the) f(sc) n(heduling) g(al-) 2026 4304 y(gorithm) g(follo) n(w) n(ed) f(b) n(y) i(DSS) g(and) g(MQS.) f (During) p Ff 2026 4404 a(schedule\(\)) p Fj(,) 16 b(DSS) k(selects) e (the) h(next) f(b) r(est) h(task) f(to) 2026 4503 y(run,) 30 b(as) f(determined) g(b) n(y) h(the) p Ff 29 w(goodness\(\)) p Fj 26 w(func-) 2026 4603 y(tion.) 35 b(MQ) 23 b(attempts) h(to) f(do) g (the) g(same) g(though) g(its) 2026 4703 y(examination) 29 b(of) h(non-lo) r(cal) e(tasks) h(\(tasks) h(not) f(on) 2026 4802 y(the) 23 b(runqueue) g(of) f(the) h(in) n(v) n(oking) f(cpu\)) h (is) g(not) f(done) 2026 4902 y(under) 41 b(a) h(lo) r(c) n(k.) 78 b(During) p Ff 42 w(reschedule) p 3346 4902 V 27 w(idle\(\)) p Fj(,) 2026 5001 y(DSS) 46 b(tries) e(to) h(\014nd) g(the) g(b) r(est) h (CPU) f(on) f(whic) n(h) 2026 5101 y(the) h(newly) f(w) n(ok) n (en/created) d(task) j(can) g(b) r(e) g(run.) 2026 5201 y(MQS) 20 b(do) r(es) g(the) g(same) g(without) g(holding) g(a) g(lo) r (c) n(k) f(on) 2026 5300 y(the) 29 b(remote) f(runqueues.) 39 b(Ov) n(erall,) 28 b(whether) g(it) h(is) 2026 5400 y(c) n(ho) r(osing) 20 b(a) g(task) h(or) f(a) h(CPU,) g(DSS) h(lo) r(oks) e(at) h(all) f (vi-) p 90 rotate dyy eop %%Page: 5 5 5 4 bop Fj 249 83 a(able) 29 b(candidates) g(and) g(c) n(ho) r(ose) g (the) g(globally) g(b) r(est) 249 183 y(one) g(while) h(MQ) f(tries) h (to) f(ac) n(hiev) n(e) f(the) i(same) f(goal) 249 282 y(b) n(y) 39 b(an) h(in) n(telligen) n(t) f(examination) g(of) h(few) n (er) f(can-) 249 382 y(didates.) 54 b(This) 33 b(has) f(t) n(w) n(o) h (implications) g(for) g(large) 249 482 y(SMP) 27 b(and) h(NUMA) g(mac) n (hines) f(:) 309 749 y(1.) p Fe 41 w(Scalabilit) m(y) p Fj 30 w(:) 41 b(The) p Ff 29 w(schedule\(\)) p Fj 26 w(function) 415 848 y(in) 25 b(DSS) f(is) g(O\() p Fd(N) p Fg 932 860 a(task) q(s) p Fj 1097 848 a(\)) g(whereas) f(on) h(MQ) g (it) g(is) 415 948 y(O\() p Fg 522 913 a(N) p Fc 575 922 a(task) q(s) p 522 929 201 4 v Fg 533 977 a(N) p Fc 586 985 a(cpus) p Fj 741 948 a(+) p Fd 9 w(N) p Fg 882 960 a(cpus) p Fj 1020 948 a(\)) f(\(on) g(an) g(a) n(v) n(erage,) e (the) i(lo-) 415 1071 y(cal) j(runqueue) h(in) g(MQ) f(has) p Fb 1397 1039 a(1) p 1325 1053 178 4 v Fg 1325 1100 a(N) p Fc 1378 1108 a(cpus) p Fj 1539 1071 a(of) h(the) g(to-) 415 1187 y(tal) 20 b(tasks) g(in) g(the) h(system\).) 34 b(Ev) n(en) 20 b(if) p Fd 21 w(N) p Fg 1636 1199 a(task) q(s) p Fj 1820 1187 a(is) 415 1287 y(a) i(small,) i(constan) n(t) e(m) n (ultiple) h(of) p Fd 23 w(N) p Fg 1523 1299 a(cpus) p Fj 1661 1287 a(,) h(b) r(oth) 415 1386 y(sc) n(hedulers) 45 b(approac) n(h) f(O\() p Fd(N) p Fg 1369 1398 a(cpus) p Fj 1507 1386 a(\)) i(and) g(are) 415 1486 y(susceptible) 25 b(to) g(scalabilit) n(y) g(problems.) 35 b(Sim-) 415 1585 y(ilar) 26 b(conclusions) g(can) g(b) r(e) h(dra) n(wn) f(from) g (their) p Ff 415 1685 a(reschedule) p 860 1685 27 4 v 27 w(idle\(\)) p Fj 17 w(functions,) 20 b(whic) n(h) f(are) 415 1785 y(b) r(oth) g(O\() p Fd(N) p Fg 766 1797 a(cpus) p Fj 904 1785 a(\),) i(alb) r(eit) e(with) g(di\013eren) n(t) g(lo) r(c) n (k-) 415 1884 y(ing) 31 b(strategies.) 46 b(Compared) 30 b(to) g(DSS,) i(MQS) 415 1984 y(do) r(es) c(increase) e(scalabilit) n (y) h(considerably) f(b) n(y) 415 2084 y(remo) n(v) -5 b(al) 24 b(of) h(a) g(global) f(lo) r(c) n(k.) 36 b(But) 25 b(it) h(do) r(es) f(not) 415 2183 y(eliminate) c(the) g(p) r(oten) n (tial) g(scalabilit) n(y) f(b) r(ottle-) 415 2283 y(nec) n(k.) 309 2443 y(2.) p Fe 41 w(Lo) s(calit) m(y) p Fj 28 w(:) 37 b(When) 28 b(a) e(runnable) h(thread) g(mi-) 415 2543 y(grates) i(from) g(one) h(CPU) g(to) g(another) f(\(either) 415 2642 y(directly) 21 b(as) f(a) g(result) h(of) g(preemption) f(or) g (after) 415 2742 y(a) k(sleep/w) n(ak) n(eup) f(cycle\),) i(it) g(runs) f(the) g(risk) g(of) 415 2841 y(losing) i(the) h(cac) n(he) f(con) n (text) g(accumalated) g(on) 415 2941 y(the) e(previous) e(CPU.) i(F) -7 b(or) 22 b(an) n(y) h(SMP) g(system,) 415 3041 y(the) 29 b(probabilit) n(y) e(of) h(b) r(eing) g(able) f(to) h(tak) n(e) g(ad-) 415 3140 y(v) -5 b(an) n(tage) 37 b(of) g(a) h(previous) e(run) i(on) g (the) g(same) 415 3240 y(CPU,) f(is) g(prop) r(ortional) e(to) i(the) g (n) n(um) n(b) r(er) g(of) 415 3340 y(alternate) 26 b(CPUs) g(to) h (whic) n(h) g(it) g(could) g(b) r(e) g(mi-) 415 3439 y(grated.) 41 b(F) -7 b(or) 29 b(a) f(NUMA) j(system,) e(migration) 415 3539 y(could) 41 b(ha) n(v) n(e) e(ev) n(en) i(a) f(greater) f(p) r (enalt) n(y) i(if) h(a) 415 3638 y(task) c(runs) f(on) h(a) g(no) r(de) g(di\013eren) n(t) g(from) g(the) 415 3738 y(one) 33 b(on) g(whic) n(h) g(most) g(of) h(its) f(memory) g(is) g(al-) 415 3838 y(lo) r(cated.) 62 b(The) 37 b(e\013ect) f(of) h(increased) e (proba-) 415 3937 y(bilit) n(y) e(of) f(cac) n(he) g(misses) g(and) g (remote) g(mem-) 415 4037 y(ory) c(accesses) g(is) h(also) f(highly) h (dep) r(enden) n(t) h(on) 415 4137 y(the) k(w) n(orkload) d(e.g.) 53 b(an) 33 b(application) g(whose) 415 4236 y(w) n(orking) i(set) i (causes) e(its) i(cac) n(he) f(con) n(text) g(to) 415 4336 y(get) 47 b(replaced) f(p) r(erio) r(dically) h(is) g(not) g(as) f (af-) 415 4435 y(fected) 36 b(b) n(y) f(the) h(cac) n(he) f(miss) g (e\013ect) h(and) g(ap-) 415 4535 y(plications) c(with) g(high) h(cac) n (he) e(hit) i(rates) e(will) 415 4635 y(not) 25 b(b) r(e) h(sev) n (erely) e(a\013ected) h(b) n(y) g(remote) g(mem-) 415 4734 y(ory) i(accesses.) 332 5001 y(T) -7 b(o) 23 b(address) f(these) h (t) n(w) n(o) g(problems,) g(w) n(e) g(prop) r(ose) 249 5101 y(a) c(p) r(o) r(oled) h(m) n(ultiqueue) f(sc) n(heduler) g (\(PMQS\)) h(based) 249 5201 y(on) i(MQS.) g(The) h(cen) n(tral) e (idea) h(in) h(PMQS) f(is) g(to) g(par-) 249 5300 y(tition) e(the) f (CPUs) g(of) g(an) f(SMP/NUMA) i(in) n(to) e(p) r(o) r(ols) 249 5400 y(and) 35 b(to) g(limit) h(the) g(searc) n(h) e(for) h(candidate) g (CPUs) 2026 83 y(and/or) 30 b(tasks) g(to) i(these) f(p) r(o) r(ols.) 48 b(The) 31 b(size) g(of) h(the) 2026 183 y(p) r(o) r(ols) 24 b(is) g(a) g(con\014gurable) f(parameter) f(that) j(can) f(b) r(e) 2026 282 y(dynamically) 31 b(c) n(hanged) f(to) h(meet) h(di\013eren) n(t) g (crite-) 2026 382 y(ria) h(of) h(p) r(erformance,) g(fairness) f(etc.) 56 b(Restricting) 2026 482 y(the) 25 b(scop) r(e) f(of) h(sc) n (heduling) f(decisions) g(to) h(\014xed-size) 2026 581 y(p) r(o) r(ols) 19 b(impro) n(v) n(es) f(the) i(scalabilit) n(y) f(of) h(the) g(sc) n(heduler) 2026 681 y(b) n(y) 28 b(making) f(it) i(indep) r (enden) n(t) g(of) f(NCPUS.) h(It) f(also) 2026 780 y(increases) 22 b(the) h(lo) r(calilt) n(y) f(of) h(tasks) g(with) g(resp) r(ect) g(to) 2026 880 y(the) 28 b(CPUs) f(on) g(whic) n(h) h(they) g(run.) 2109 1079 y(F) -7 b(or) 74 b(simplicit) n(y) -7 b(,) 85 b(the) 75 b(implemen) n(tation) f(of) 2026 1179 y(PMQS) 44 b(is) h(based) f(on) g (minor) g(mo) r(di\014cations) g(to) 2026 1279 y(MQS.) 38 b(In) h(general,) g(DSS) g(co) r(de) g(whic) n(h) f(lo) r(oks) f(at) 2026 1378 y(all) 27 b(CPUs) g(using) p Ff 2109 1577 a(for) 42 b(\(i) h(=) g(0;) g(i) g(<=) g(smp) p 2987 1577 V 30 w(num) p 3149 1577 V 30 w(cpus;) f(i++\)) p Fj 2026 1777 a(is) 28 b(replaced) e(b) n(y) p Ff 2109 1976 a(for) 42 b(\(i) h(=) g(first;) e(i) j(<=) e(last;) g(i++\)) p Fj 2026 2175 a(where) 73 b(\014rst) h(and) g(last) g(denote) g(the) g (corre-) 2026 2275 y(sp) r(onding) 32 b(limits) i(of) e(the) i(in) n(v) n(oking) d(CPU's) h(p) r(o) r(ol.) 2026 2374 y(The) 43 b(\014rst) g(phase) g(of) h(the) p Ff 43 w(schedule\(\)) p Fj 39 w(routine) 2026 2474 y(of) 33 b(MQS) h(is) f(unc) n(hanged) g(in) h(PMQS) e(and) i(is) f(used) 2026 2574 y(to) 47 b(\014nd) h(the) g(b) r (est) g(lo) r(cal) e(candidate) h(task.) 96 b(In) 2026 2673 y(the) 47 b(second) g(phase) f(of) h(the) h(routine,) j(the) c (only) 2026 2773 y(remote) 59 b(runqueues) g(examined) h(are) f(those) g (of) 2026 2873 y(CPUs) 34 b(within) g(the) h(same) e(p) r(o) r(ol) h (as) f(the) i(in) n(v) n(oking) 2026 2972 y(CPU.) c(The) f(examination) g(of) h(remote) f(runqueues) 2026 3072 y(con) n(tin) n(ues) e(to) g(b) r (e) i(done) e(without) h(holding) f(a) h(lo) r(c) n(k.) 2026 3171 y(In) 56 b(the) p Ff 57 w(reschedule) p 2775 3171 V 27 w(idle\(\)) p Fj 54 w(function,) 63 b(only) 2026 3271 y(those) 31 b(CPUs) g(are) g(treated) g(as) f(candidates) h(whic) n (h) 2026 3371 y(lie) h(within) g(the) h(same) e(p) r(o) r(ol) h(as) f (the) h(task's) f(previ-) 2026 3470 y(ous) h(CPU.) g(The) h(only) f (exception) h(to) f(this) h(rule) f(is) 2026 3570 y(when) j(there) h (are) e(idle) h(CPUs) g(outside) g(the) h(p) r(o) r(ol.) 2026 3670 y(Lea) n(ving) d(a) h(CPU) g(idle) h(when) f(other) g(CPUs) g(ha) n (v) n(e) 2026 3769 y(runnable) g(tasks) f(leads) g(to) h(a) g(complete) g(w) n(aste) f(of) 2026 3869 y(CPU) 43 b(cycles) f(and) h(is) f (particularly) g(undesirable) 2026 3968 y(in) 37 b(a) g(serv) n(er) e (en) n(vironmen) n(t.) 64 b(Therefore,) 38 b(PMQS) 2026 4068 y(lo) r(oks) 61 b(for) g(idle) h(CPUs) f(system) n(wide) h (without) 2026 4168 y(regard) 46 b(to) i(p) r(o) r(ol) g(b) r (oundaries.) 97 b(The) 48 b(h) n(un) n(t) h(for) 2026 4267 y(idle) k(CPUs) g(uses) g(a) g(simple) g(mec) n(hanism.) 114 b(A) 2026 4367 y(global) 36 b(bitmap,) 41 b(called) p Fa 37 w(no) l(de) p 3017 4367 26 4 v 31 w(id) t(le) p 3178 4367 V 32 w(bits) p Fj(,) g(records) 2026 4467 y(the) 65 b(curren) n(tly) f(idle) g(CPUs) g(in) h(the) g(system.) 2026 4566 y(The) 38 b(bitmap) g(is) g(main) n(tained) g(b) n(y) g(the) g(sc) n(heduler) 2026 4666 y(when) 33 b(it) g(switc) n(hes) f(tasks) g(on) h (an) n(y) f(CPU.) g(During) p Fa 2026 4765 a(sche) l(dule\(\)) p Fj(,) p Fa 27 w(no) l(de) p 2608 4765 V 31 w(id) t(le) p 2769 4765 V 32 w(bits) p Fj 26 w(is) 25 b(\014rst) h(mask) n(ed) f (with) 2026 4865 y(a) 54 b(lo) r(cal) h(p) r(o) r(ol) f(mask) g(to) h (iden) n(tify) g(idle) g(CPUs) 2026 4965 y(within) 33 b(the) g(lo) r(cal) f(p) r(o) r(ol.) 50 b(If) 33 b(none) f(is) h (found,) g(it) g(is) 2026 5064 y(mask) n(ed) d(with) h(a) f(remote) g (p) r(o) r(ol) g(mask) g(to) h(iden) n(tify) 2026 5164 y(idle) h(CPUs) g(in) h(remote) e(p) r(o) r(ols.) 51 b(Consisten) n(t) 32 b(with) 2026 5264 y(the) 53 b(p) r(o) r(oling) f (philosoph) n(y) -7 b(,) 58 b(idle) 52 b(CPUs) g(within) 2026 5363 y(a) 43 b(p) r(o) r(ol) h(are) e(preferen) n(tially) h(c) n(hosen) g(o) n(v) n(er) e(those) p 90 rotate dyy eop %%Page: 6 6 6 5 bop Fj 249 83 a(outside) 41 b(the) g(p) r(o) r(ol.) 76 b(If) 41 b(an) f(idle) h(CPU) f(is) h(found) 249 183 y(at) 51 b(an) n(y) g(stage,) 56 b(it) c(is) f(selected) g(as) f(the) i (target) 249 282 y(CPU.) 28 b(Con) n(trary) d(to) j(the) g(b) r(eha) n (viour) e(of) i(DSS) g(and) 249 382 y(MQS,) e(PMQS) g(mak) n(es) g(no) g (attempt) h(to) f(select) h(the) 249 482 y(longest) 40 b(idle) h(CPU) g(as) f(the) h(target.) 76 b(If) 41 b(no) g(idle) 249 581 y(CPU) 30 b(is) h(found,) p Ff 32 w(reschedule) p 1250 581 27 4 v 27 w(idle\(\)) p Fj 28 w(pro) r(ceeds) 249 681 y(as) 92 b(normal,) 109 b(examining) p Fa 92 w(max) p 1421 681 26 4 v 31 w(na) p 1541 681 V 30 w(go) l(o) l(dness) p Fj 249 780 a(v) -5 b(alues) 27 b(of) h(CPUs) f(within) h(the) g(p) r(o) r(ol.) p Fh 249 1206 a(5) 112 b(Benc) m(hmarks) p Fj 332 1515 a(Before) 32 b(w) n(e) g(pro) r(ceed) g(with) i(the) f (description) f(of) 249 1614 y(the) h(di\013eren) n(t) f(load) g (balancers,) g(w) n(e) g(describ) r(e) g(the) 249 1714 y(t) n(w) n(o) 19 b(b) r(enc) n(hmarks) g(\() p Fa(Mkb) l(ench) p Fj 22 w(and) p Fa 20 w(Chat) p Fj(\)) i(that) f(are) 249 1813 y(used) 40 b(in) f(this) h(study) -7 b(.) 73 b(These) 39 b(t) n(w) n(o) g(b) r(enc) n(hmarks) 249 1913 y(will) 33 b(b) r(e) g(referenced) f(in) g(the) h(load) f(balancing) g(sec-) 249 2013 y(tion.) p Fe 332 2212 a(Mkb) s(enc) m(h) p Fj 38 w(consists) 37 b(of) g(the) h(m) n(ultiple) g(paral-) 249 2312 y(lel) 28 b(compilation) g(of) f(the) i(Lin) n(ux) f(k) n(ernel.) 37 b(This) 28 b(has) 249 2411 y(traditionally) 43 b(b) r(een) h(a) g(p) r(opular) f(b) r(enc) n(hmark) g(in) 249 2511 y(the) 37 b(Lin) n(ux) f(comm) n(unit) n(y) -7 b(,) 38 b(as) e(it) h(is) f(often) h(seen) f(in) 249 2610 y(dev) n(elopmen) n(t) e(en) n(vironmen) n(ts.) 56 b(It) 35 b(o\013ers) f(a) g(go) r(o) r(d) 249 2710 y(mix) 23 b(of) g(I/O) f(and) g(CPU-b) r(ound) h(phases) f(esp) r (ecially) 249 2810 y(when) 29 b(a) f(parallel) f(build) i(is) f(used.) 39 b(P) n(arallel) 27 b(builds) 249 2909 y(are) g(issued) g(b) n(y) h (using) f(the) i(-j) e(option) h(of) g(the) g(mak) n(e) 249 3009 y(command.) 76 b(Our) 39 b(measuremen) n(ts) h(of) g(runqueue) 249 3109 y(lengths) c(during) g(suc) n(h) g(compiles) g(sho) n(w) f(that) i (the) 249 3208 y(n) n(um) n(b) r(er) 44 b(of) g(runnable) g(threads) g (in) h(the) f(system) 249 3308 y(roughly) 30 b(corresp) r(onds) f(to) h (the) h(job) g(size) g(sp) r(eci\014ed) 249 3407 y(b) n(y) c(the) h(-j) g(option.) 332 3607 y(The) p Fe 25 w(Chat) p Fj 25 w(b) r(enc) n (hmark,) c(whic) n(h) h(can) f(b) r(e) h(found) 249 3706 y(at) p Ff 73 w(http://lbs.sour) o(cef) o(or) o(ge.) o(ne) o(t/) p Fj -1 w(,) 79 b(sim) n(u-) 249 3806 y(lates) 25 b(c) n(hatro) r(oms) f (with) i(m) n(ultiple) g(users) f(exc) n(hang-) 249 3906 y(ing) h(messages) e(using) h(TCP) g(so) r(c) n(k) n(ets.) 35 b(The) 26 b(b) r(enc) n(h-) 249 4005 y(mark) 46 b(is) g(based) g(on) g (the) h(V) -7 b(olano) 46 b(Ja) n(v) -5 b(a) 45 b(b) r(enc) n(h-) 249 4105 y(mark,) f(whic) n(h) e(w) n(as) f(used) g(in) h(some) g(of) f (the) h(\014rst) 249 4204 y(rep) r(orts) 26 b(of) h(scalabilit) n(y) f (limitations) h(with) h(the) f(de-) 249 4304 y(fault) 49 b(SMP) f(sc) n(heduler) f(\(DSS\)) j(of) e(Lin) n(ux) 96 b([2].) 249 4404 y(Eac) n(h) 24 b(c) n(hatro) r(om) g(consists) g(of) i (20) e(users) g(with) i(eac) n(h) 249 4503 y(user) 37 b(broadcasting) e(a) i(v) -5 b(ariable) 37 b(n) n(um) n(b) r(er) g(of) g (100) 249 4603 y(b) n(yte) 51 b(messages) f(to) g(ev) n(ery) g(other) h (user) f(in) i(the) 249 4703 y(ro) r(om.) 83 b(A) 44 b(user) e(is) h(represen) n(ted) g(b) n(y) g(t) n(w) n(o) f(pairs) 249 4802 y(of) h(threads) g(\(one) g(eac) n(h) g(for) g(send) g(and) g (receiv) n(e\)) 249 4902 y(on) 36 b(the) h(clien) n(t) g(and) f(serv) n (er) e(side,) 39 b(resulting) d(in) h(4) 249 5001 y(threads) i(p) r(er) h(user) f(and) h(80) f(threads) g(p) r(er) h(ro) r(om.) 249 5101 y(Eac) n(h) 29 b(message) f(is) i(sen) n(t) g(from) f(the) h (clien) n(t) p 1585 5101 25 4 v 30 w(send) g(to) 249 5201 y(its) e(serv) n(er) p 585 5201 V 28 w(receiv) n(e) e(whic) n(h) i (then) g(broadcasts) e(it) i(to) 249 5300 y(all) 36 b(other) f(clien) n (t) p 799 5300 V 30 w(receiv) n(e) g(threads) g(in) i(the) f(ro) r(om.) 249 5400 y(100) e(messages) f(sen) n(t) h(b) n(y) h(eac) n(h) f(user) g (translate) g(to) 2026 83 y(20*100*19=38,00) o(0) f(messages) 38 b(b) r(eing) i(sen) n(t) f(and) 2026 183 y(receiv) n(ed) 24 b(p) r(er) g(ro) r(om.) 36 b(Eac) n(h) 23 b(receiv) n(e) h(is) g(a) h (blo) r(c) n(king) 2026 282 y(read) 31 b(and) h(the) h(in) n(terlea) n (ving) d(of) i(n) n(umerous) f(reads) 2026 382 y(and) 22 b(writes) g(causes) f(the) i(sc) n(heduler) e(co) r(de) h(to) g(b) r(e) h(in-) 2026 482 y(v) n(ok) n(ed) i(frequen) n(tly) -7 b(.) 37 b(The) 27 b(c) n(haracteristic) e(parame-) 2026 581 y(ters) 20 b(of) g(the) h(Chat) f(b) r(enc) n(hmark) g(are) f(the) i (n) n(um) n(b) r(er) f(of) 2026 681 y(ro) r(oms) 28 b(and) h(the) g(n) n (um) n(b) r(er) g(of) f(messages) g(p) r(er) h(user.) 2026 780 y(F) -7 b(rom) 20 b(a) g(sc) n(heduler) g(p) r(ersp) r(ectiv) n(e,) h(the) g(former) f(con-) 2026 880 y(trols) 32 b(the) g(n) n(um) n(b) r (er) h(of) f(threads) g(created) f(and) i(the) 2026 980 y(latter) k(con) n(trols) f(the) i(n) n(um) n(b) r(er) f(of) g(times) h (threads) 2026 1079 y(sleep) 30 b(and) f(a) n(w) n(ak) n(en) f(via) i (blo) r(c) n(king) f(reads.) 42 b(A) n(t) 31 b(the) 2026 1179 y(end) 37 b(of) f(a) g(b) r(enc) n(hmark) g(run,) j(the) e(clien) n (t) f(side) h(re-) 2026 1279 y(p) r(orts) 29 b(the) h(throughput) g(in) g(n) n(um) n(b) r(er) f(of) h(messages) 2026 1378 y(p) r(er) f(second.) 40 b(A) 30 b(higher) e(throughput) h(indicates) f(a) 2026 1478 y(more) f(e\016cien) n(t) h(k) n(ernel) e(sc) n(heduler.) p Fh 2026 1888 a(6) 112 b(Load) 39 b(Balancing) p Fj 2109 2181 a(Dividing) c(the) g(CPUs) f(of) h(an) f(SMP) h(in) n(to) f(p) r (o) r(ols) 2026 2281 y(for) 52 b(sc) n(heduling) h(decisions,) 58 b(has) 53 b(the) g(w) n(elcome) 2026 2380 y(e\013ect) k(of) g(impro) n (ving) f(the) h(scalabilit) n(y) f(of) h(the) 2026 2480 y(sc) n(heduling) 28 b(algorithms.) 38 b(Ho) n(w) n(ev) n(er,) 27 b(this) h(kind) h(of) 2026 2580 y(limiting) 37 b(in) n(tro) r(duces) g (the) g(problem) f(of) h(load) f(im-) 2026 2679 y(balance) 25 b(b) r(et) n(w) n(een) g(the) h(CPUs) f(in) h(di\013eren) n(t) f(p) r (o) r(ols.) 2026 2779 y(W) -7 b(e) 24 b(fo) r(cus) g(on) g(t) n(w) n(o) f(kinds) h(of) g(im) n(balances) f(dep) r(end-) 2026 2878 y(ing) k(on) h(what) f(is) h(de\014ned) g(as) f(the) h(load) e(:) p Fk 2109 3147 a(\017) p Fe 41 w(Runqueue) 46 b(length) g(im) m(balance) p Fj 40 w(:) 63 b(The) 2192 3247 y(n) n(um) n(b) r(er) 31 b(of) g(tasks) f(on) h(the) h(CPU) f(runqueues) 2192 3346 y(v) -5 b(aries) 20 b(with) h(application) f(b) r(eing) h(run) f (b) n(y) h(eac) n(h) 2192 3446 y(of) 44 b(those) f(tasks.) 85 b(Runqueues) 44 b(with) g(more) 2192 3546 y(I/O) 25 b(b) r(ound) i (tasks) e(are) h(lik) n(ely) f(to) i(ha) n(v) n(e) e(few) n(er) 2192 3645 y(runnable) 30 b(tasks) g(on) h(an) f(a) n(v) n(erage.) 43 b(The) 31 b(sum) 2192 3745 y(of) 38 b(runqueue) f(lengths) g(for) g (the) h(CPUs) g(in) f(a) 2192 3845 y(p) r(o) r(ol) k(could) g(di\013er) g(signi\014can) n(tly) f(from) h(the) 2192 3944 y(sum) 36 b(for) g(another) f(p) r(o) r(ol) h(leading) g(to) g(a) g(run-) 2192 4044 y(queue) 50 b(length) f(im) n(balance.) 102 b(The) 50 b(p) r(erfor-) 2192 4143 y(mance) 41 b(impact) h(of) f(suc) n(h) g(an) h (im) n(balance) e(is) 2192 4243 y(felt) e(in) f(t) n(w) n(o) f(w) n(a) n (ys.) 63 b(First,) 39 b(there) e(is) g(an) f(in-) 2192 4343 y(creased) 20 b(probabilit) n(y) g(of) h(CPUs) g(b) r(eing) g (idle) h(in) 2192 4442 y(one) d(p) r(o) r(ol) h(while) f(another) g(p) r (o) r(ol) g(has) g(runnable) 2192 4542 y(tasks.) 34 b(This) 21 b(has) g(b) r(een) g(tak) n(en) g(care) f(o\013) h(in) h(the) p Fa 2192 4642 a(sche) l(dule\(\)) p Fj 38 w(functions) 38 b(through) e(the) i(global) p Fa 2192 4741 a(id) t(le) p 2327 4741 26 4 v 32 w(mask) p Fj(.) d(Second,) 21 b(the) e(tasks) g(in) h(eac) n(h) e(p) r(o) r(ol) 2192 4841 y(ha) n(v) n(e) j(a) g(longer) f (a) n(v) n(erage) f(w) n(aiting) i(time) i(in) f(the) 2192 4940 y(runqueue) 27 b(b) r(efore) h(they) f(get) h(to) f(run.) p Fk 2109 5101 a(\017) p Fe 41 w(Priorit) m(y) d(in) m(v) m(ersion) p Fj 20 w(:) 33 b(The) 21 b(priorit) n(y) d(of) j(the) 2192 5201 y(tasks) 32 b(running) h(on) g(CPUs) g(of) g(a) f(p) r(o) r(ol) h (is) g(de-) 2192 5300 y(termined) h(b) n(y) g(the) g(distribution) g (of) g(priorit) n(y) 2192 5400 y(v) -5 b(alues) 39 b(amongst) g(the) g (p) r(o) r(ols.) 72 b(F) -7 b(or) 39 b(strictly) p 90 rotate dyy eop %%Page: 7 7 7 6 bop Fj 415 83 a(p) r(o) r(oled) 30 b(sc) n(hedulers,) f(a) g(task) g (gets) g(to) h(run) f(on) 415 183 y(a) 40 b(CPU) f(based) h(on) f(it) i (relativ) n(e) e(priorit) n(y) f(to) 415 282 y(curren) n(tly) 20 b(running) g(tasks) g(in) g(the) h(same) f(p) r(o) r(ol.) 415 382 y(Hence) 25 b(it) h(is) f(p) r(ossible) g(that) h(a) e(runnable) h (high) 415 482 y(priorit) n(y) c(task) h(w) n(aits) g(for) g(a) g(CPU) g (in) h(one) f(p) r(o) r(ol) 415 581 y(while) 28 b(a) f(lo) n(w) n(er) f (priorit) n(y) g(task) h(is) g(running) g(on) 415 681 y(a) j(CPU) h(in) g(a) f(di\013eren) n(t) h(p) r(o) r(ol.) 46 b(This) 31 b(kind) g(of) 415 780 y(priorit) n(y) 20 b(in) n(v) n (ersion) f(stems) i(directly) f(from) h(the) 415 880 y(con\015ict) 38 b(b) r(et) n(w) n(een) f(a) g(global) f(priorit) n(y) g (v) -5 b(alue) 415 980 y(and) 25 b(a) g(lo) r(cal) g(\(limited) h(to) f (a) g(p) r(o) r(ol\)) h(searc) n(h) e(for) 415 1079 y(candidate) 41 b(tasks/CPUs.) 78 b(Priorit) n(y) 40 b(in) n(v) n(er-) 415 1179 y(sion) 19 b(is) g(primarily) f(a) g(fairness) g(issue) h(though) g (it) 415 1279 y(could) g(also) g(ha) n(v) n(e) f(p) r(erformance) g (implications) 415 1378 y(for) j(m) n(ultithreaded) h(or) f(in) n (terdep) r(enden) n(t) h(pro-) 415 1478 y(cesses.) 332 2013 y(The) 34 b(load) g(im) n(balances) f(men) n(tioned) h(here) g (only) 249 2112 y(p) r(ertain) j(to) g(non-real) e(time) j(\(SCHED) p 1514 2112 25 4 v 30 w(OTHER\)) 249 2212 y(tasks) 26 b(as) h(MQS) g(and) f(PMQS) h(main) n(tain) f(real) h(time) 249 2312 y(tasks) g(on) g(a) g (separate) g(global) f(runqueue.) 332 2511 y(The) k(existence) g(of) h (load) e(im) n(balances) g(do) r(es) h(not) 249 2610 y(necessarily) i(call) i(for) g(correctiv) n(e) e(measures.) 55 b(F) -7 b(or) 249 2710 y(high) 22 b(end) h(systems) e(where) h(system) g (throughput) g(is) 249 2810 y(generally) 32 b(more) i(imp) r(ortan) n (t) f(than) h(job) g(resp) r(onse) 249 2909 y(times,) 39 b(isolating) c(CPU) h(p) r(o) r(ols) g(from) f(eac) n(h) h(other) 249 3009 y(migh) n(t) k(b) r(e) g(desirable.) 74 b(In) 40 b(suc) n(h) f(cases,) j(priorit) n(y) 249 3109 y(in) n(v) n(ersion) 24 b(is) h(not) h(an) f(issue) h(and) f(it) h(is) g(su\016cien) n(t) f(to) 249 3208 y(ensure) k(that) g(all) g(CPUs) g(ha) n(v) n(e) f(enough) h (tasks) f(and) 249 3308 y(that) 33 b(the) f(initial) g(placemen) n(t) g (of) h(tasks) e(\(amongst) 249 3407 y(p) r(o) r(ols\)) d(is) f (balanced.) 332 3607 y(In) g(this) g(pap) r(er) g(w) n(e) f(examine) h (v) -5 b(arious) 25 b(load) i(bal-) 249 3706 y(ancing) 39 b(mec) n(hanisms) g(under) h(PMQS) f(and) h(com-) 249 3806 y(pare) g(their) h(e\016cacy) f(and) h(their) g(o) n(v) n(erall) e (p) r(erfor-) 249 3906 y(mance) 32 b(impact) g(on) g(v) -5 b(arious) 31 b(w) n(orkloads) e(as) j(com-) 249 4005 y(pared) i(to) g(DSS) h(and) f(MQS.) g(These) g(mec) n(hanisms) 249 4105 y(are) g(LBOFF,) h(IP) -7 b(,) 34 b(LBC) h(and) g(LBP) f(and) g (are) g(de-) 249 4204 y(scrib) r(ed) c(b) r(elo) n(w.) 46 b(T) -7 b(o) 31 b(establish) f(their) h(e\016cacy) e(w) n(e) 249 4304 y(use) k(the) h(t) n(w) n(o) f(distinct) h(w) n(orkloads,) e (namely) h(Mk-) 249 4404 y(b) r(enc) n(h) 26 b(and) g(Chat,) h(to) f (monitor) f(runqueue) h(length) 249 4503 y(p) r(er) i(CPU) f(for) g(a) g (4-w) n(a) n(y) f(SMP) h(system.) 37 b(PMQS) 27 b(is) 249 4603 y(con\014gured) g(with) i(a) g(p) r(o) r(olsize) f(of) g(1.) 39 b(W) -7 b(e) 29 b(sho) n(w) f(for) 249 4703 y(these) g(b) r(enc) n (hmarks) g(and) g(con\014gurations) f(the) h(de-) 249 4802 y(viation) 19 b(from) h(the) g(mean) f(runqueue) h(length) g(at) f (one) 249 4902 y(second) 24 b(in) n(terv) -5 b(als.) 35 b(Mkb) r(enc) n(h) 25 b(w) n(as) e(run) h(with) h(2) g(si-) 249 5001 y(m) n(ultaneous) 19 b(k) n(ernel) f(builds) h(with) h(\\-j) f (16") e(yielding) 249 5101 y(an) 22 b(a) n(v) n(erage) d(load) i(of) h (32) f(or) g(8) h(p) r(er) f(CPU.) h(Chat) g(w) n(as) 249 5201 y(run) 31 b(with) i(10) d(ro) r(oms) h(and) g(900) f(messages,) h (whic) n(h) 249 5300 y(yielded) k(an) g(a) n(v) n(erage) d(of) j(207) f (runnable) h(tasks) f(or) 249 5400 y(52) 27 b(p) r(er) g(run) h(queue.) 2054 1176 y @beginspecial 50 @llx 50 @lly 410 @urx 302 @ury 2016 @rwi @setspecial %%BeginDocument: lbefficacy/mkbench/pmqs.rel.ps %!PS-Adobe-2.0 EPSF-2.0 %%Title: pmqs.rel.ps %%Creator: gnuplot 3.7 patchlevel 1 %%CreationDate: Tue Sep 18 07:36:48 2001 %%DocumentFonts: (atend) %%BoundingBox: 50 50 410 302 %%Orientation: Portrait %%EndComments /gnudict 256 dict def gnudict begin /Color false def /Solid false def /gnulinewidth 5.000 def /userlinewidth gnulinewidth def /vshift -73 def /dl {10 mul} def /hpt_ 31.5 def /vpt_ 31.5 def /hpt hpt_ def /vpt vpt_ def /M {moveto} bind def /L {lineto} bind def /R {rmoveto} bind def /V {rlineto} bind def /vpt2 vpt 2 mul def /hpt2 hpt 2 mul def /Lshow { currentpoint stroke M 0 vshift R show } def /Rshow { currentpoint stroke M dup stringwidth pop neg vshift R show } def /Cshow { currentpoint stroke M dup stringwidth pop -2 div vshift R show } def /UP { dup vpt_ mul /vpt exch def hpt_ mul /hpt exch def /hpt2 hpt 2 mul def /vpt2 vpt 2 mul def } def /DL { Color {setrgbcolor Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash } {pop pop pop Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash} ifelse } def /BL { stroke userlinewidth 2 mul setlinewidth } def /AL { stroke userlinewidth 2 div setlinewidth } def /UL { dup gnulinewidth mul /userlinewidth exch def 10 mul /udl exch def } def /PL { stroke userlinewidth setlinewidth } def /LTb { BL [] 0 0 0 DL } def /LTa { AL [1 udl mul 2 udl mul] 0 setdash 0 0 0 setrgbcolor } def /LT0 { PL [] 1 0 0 DL } def /LT1 { PL [4 dl 2 dl] 0 1 0 DL } def /LT2 { PL [2 dl 3 dl] 0 0 1 DL } def /LT3 { PL [1 dl 1.5 dl] 1 0 1 DL } def /LT4 { PL [5 dl 2 dl 1 dl 2 dl] 0 1 1 DL } def /LT5 { PL [4 dl 3 dl 1 dl 3 dl] 1 1 0 DL } def /LT6 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 0 0 0 DL } def /LT7 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 1 0.3 0 DL } def /LT8 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 0.5 0.5 0.5 DL } def /Pnt { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave 1 setlinecap M 0 0 V stroke grestore } def /Dia { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath stroke Pnt } def /Pls { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt sub M 0 vpt2 V currentpoint stroke M hpt neg vpt neg R hpt2 0 V stroke } def /Box { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V closepath stroke Pnt } def /Crs { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M hpt2 vpt2 neg V currentpoint stroke M hpt2 neg 0 R hpt2 vpt2 V stroke } def /TriU { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath stroke Pnt } def /Star { 2 copy Pls Crs } def /BoxF { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V closepath fill } def /TriUF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath fill } def /TriD { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 1.12 mul sub M hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath stroke Pnt } def /TriDF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath fill} def /DiaF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath fill } def /Pent { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy gsave translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat closepath stroke grestore Pnt } def /PentF { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat closepath fill grestore } def /Circle { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy hpt 0 360 arc stroke Pnt } def /CircleF { stroke [] 0 setdash hpt 0 360 arc fill } def /C0 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto vpt 90 450 arc } bind def /C1 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 90 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C2 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 90 180 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C3 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 180 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C4 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 180 270 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C5 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 90 arc 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 180 270 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc } bind def /C6 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 90 270 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C7 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 270 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C8 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C9 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 270 450 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C10 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy 2 copy moveto vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 90 180 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C11 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 180 arc closepath fill 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C12 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 180 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C13 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 90 arc closepath fill 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 180 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C14 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 90 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc } bind def /C15 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 0 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /Rec { newpath 4 2 roll moveto 1 index 0 rlineto 0 exch rlineto neg 0 rlineto closepath } bind def /Square { dup Rec } bind def /Bsquare { vpt sub exch vpt sub exch vpt2 Square } bind def /S0 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 0 vpt rlineto BL Bsquare } bind def /S1 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S2 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S3 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S4 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S5 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy 2 copy vpt Square fill exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S6 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S7 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill 2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S8 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S9 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S10 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S11 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S12 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S13 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill 2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S14 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S15 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy Bsquare fill Bsquare } bind def /D0 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S0 stroke grestore } bind def /D1 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S1 stroke grestore } bind def /D2 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S2 stroke grestore } bind def /D3 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S3 stroke grestore } bind def /D4 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S4 stroke grestore } bind def /D5 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S5 stroke grestore } bind def /D6 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S6 stroke grestore } bind def /D7 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S7 stroke grestore } bind def /D8 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S8 stroke grestore } bind def /D9 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S9 stroke grestore } bind def /D10 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S10 stroke grestore } bind def /D11 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S11 stroke grestore } bind def /D12 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S12 stroke grestore } bind def /D13 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S13 stroke grestore } bind def /D14 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S14 stroke grestore } bind def /D15 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S15 stroke grestore } bind def /DiaE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath stroke } def /BoxE { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V closepath stroke } def /TriUE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath stroke } def /TriDE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath stroke } def /PentE { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat closepath stroke grestore } def /CircE { stroke [] 0 setdash hpt 0 360 arc stroke } def /Opaque { gsave closepath 1 setgray fill grestore 0 setgray closepath } def /DiaW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V Opaque stroke } def /BoxW { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V Opaque stroke } def /TriUW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V Opaque stroke } def /TriDW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V Opaque stroke } def /PentW { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat Opaque stroke grestore } def /CircW { stroke [] 0 setdash hpt 0 360 arc Opaque stroke } def /BoxFill { gsave Rec 1 setgray fill grestore } def end %%EndProlog gnudict begin gsave 50 50 translate 0.050 0.050 scale 0 setgray newpath (TimesRoman) findfont 220 scalefont setfont 1.000 UL LTb 990 660 M 63 0 V 5773 0 R -63 0 V 858 660 M (-10) Rshow 990 1590 M 63 0 V 5773 0 R -63 0 V -5905 0 R (-5) Rshow 990 2520 M 63 0 V 5773 0 R -63 0 V -5905 0 R (0) Rshow 990 3450 M 63 0 V 5773 0 R -63 0 V -5905 0 R (5) Rshow 990 4380 M 63 0 V 5773 0 R -63 0 V -5905 0 R (10) Rshow 990 660 M 0 63 V 0 3657 R 0 -63 V 990 440 M (80) Cshow 1720 660 M 0 63 V 0 3657 R 0 -63 V 0 -3877 R (85) Cshow 2449 660 M 0 63 V 0 3657 R 0 -63 V 0 -3877 R (90) Cshow 3179 660 M 0 63 V 0 3657 R 0 -63 V 0 -3877 R (95) Cshow 3908 660 M 0 63 V 0 3657 R 0 -63 V 0 -3877 R (100) Cshow 4638 660 M 0 63 V 0 3657 R 0 -63 V 0 -3877 R (105) Cshow 5367 660 M 0 63 V 0 3657 R 0 -63 V 0 -3877 R (110) Cshow 6097 660 M 0 63 V 0 3657 R 0 -63 V 0 -3877 R (115) Cshow 6826 660 M 0 63 V 0 3657 R 0 -63 V 0 -3877 R (120) Cshow 1.000 UL LTb 990 660 M 5836 0 V 0 3720 V -5836 0 V 990 660 L 220 2520 M currentpoint gsave translate 90 rotate 0 0 M (Deviation from Mean Runqueue Length) Cshow grestore 3908 110 M (Time) Cshow 3908 4710 M (mkbench-PMQS\(4\)) Cshow 1.000 UP 1.000 UL LT0 5839 1493 M (RQ:1) Rshow 5971 1493 M 591 0 V 990 2334 M 146 186 V 146 -186 V 146 186 V 146 186 V 146 -744 V 145 558 V 146 0 V 146 -372 V 146 372 V 146 0 V 146 -372 V 146 558 V 146 -372 V 146 -186 V 146 372 V 145 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2334 L 146 1302 V 2595 2520 L 146 0 V 146 372 V 146 -186 V 146 -186 V 145 372 V 146 -372 V 146 372 V 146 -558 V 146 0 V 146 -186 V 146 186 V 146 186 V 146 0 V 146 -372 V 145 372 V 146 -558 V 146 558 V 146 0 V 146 186 V 146 -372 V 146 -186 V 146 372 V 146 558 V 146 -744 V 145 -372 V 146 930 V 146 -372 V 146 186 V 146 -186 V 990 2706 Crs 1136 2334 Crs 1282 2892 Crs 1428 2520 Crs 1574 2892 Crs 1720 3078 Crs 1865 2334 Crs 2011 2334 Crs 2157 3450 Crs 2303 2334 Crs 2449 3636 Crs 2595 2520 Crs 2741 2520 Crs 2887 2892 Crs 3033 2706 Crs 3179 2520 Crs 3324 2892 Crs 3470 2520 Crs 3616 2892 Crs 3762 2334 Crs 3908 2334 Crs 4054 2148 Crs 4200 2334 Crs 4346 2520 Crs 4492 2520 Crs 4638 2148 Crs 4783 2520 Crs 4929 1962 Crs 5075 2520 Crs 5221 2520 Crs 5367 2706 Crs 5513 2334 Crs 5659 2148 Crs 5805 2520 Crs 5951 3078 Crs 6097 2334 Crs 6242 1962 Crs 6388 2892 Crs 6534 2520 Crs 6680 2706 Crs 6826 2520 Crs 6266 1273 Crs 1.000 UP 1.000 UL LT2 5839 1053 M (RQ:3) Rshow 5971 1053 M 591 0 V 990 2520 M 146 186 V 146 0 V 146 0 V 146 0 V 146 -372 V 145 186 V 146 -186 V 146 186 V 146 186 V 146 -744 V 146 558 V 146 0 V 146 -186 V 146 186 V 146 186 V 145 -186 V 146 372 V 146 -186 V 146 186 V 146 -186 V 146 -186 V 146 0 V 146 0 V 146 0 V 146 0 V 145 0 V 146 930 V 146 -930 V 146 -372 V 146 0 V 146 372 V 146 186 V 146 -372 V 146 186 V 146 0 V 145 558 V 146 -930 V 146 372 V 146 0 V 146 0 V 990 2520 Star 1136 2706 Star 1282 2706 Star 1428 2706 Star 1574 2706 Star 1720 2334 Star 1865 2520 Star 2011 2334 Star 2157 2520 Star 2303 2706 Star 2449 1962 Star 2595 2520 Star 2741 2520 Star 2887 2334 Star 3033 2520 Star 3179 2706 Star 3324 2520 Star 3470 2892 Star 3616 2706 Star 3762 2892 Star 3908 2706 Star 4054 2520 Star 4200 2520 Star 4346 2520 Star 4492 2520 Star 4638 2520 Star 4783 2520 Star 4929 3450 Star 5075 2520 Star 5221 2148 Star 5367 2148 Star 5513 2520 Star 5659 2706 Star 5805 2334 Star 5951 2520 Star 6097 2520 Star 6242 3078 Star 6388 2148 Star 6534 2520 Star 6680 2520 Star 6826 2520 Star 6266 1053 Star 1.000 UP 1.000 UL LT3 5839 833 M (RQ:4) Rshow 5971 833 M 591 0 V 990 2520 M 146 -186 V 146 0 V 146 0 V 146 -558 V 146 930 V 145 186 V 146 -186 V 146 -558 V 146 372 V 146 -186 V 146 372 V 146 -186 V 146 186 V 146 186 V 146 -372 V 145 0 V 146 -186 V 146 0 V 146 186 V 146 -372 V 146 372 V 146 -186 V 146 186 V 146 0 V 146 0 V 145 -372 V 146 558 V 146 -186 V 146 372 V 146 -558 V 146 0 V 146 558 V 146 -186 V 146 -186 V 146 0 V 145 186 V 146 -558 V 146 372 V 146 -186 V 146 -186 V 990 2520 Box 1136 2334 Box 1282 2334 Box 1428 2334 Box 1574 1776 Box 1720 2706 Box 1865 2892 Box 2011 2706 Box 2157 2148 Box 2303 2520 Box 2449 2334 Box 2595 2706 Box 2741 2520 Box 2887 2706 Box 3033 2892 Box 3179 2520 Box 3324 2520 Box 3470 2334 Box 3616 2334 Box 3762 2520 Box 3908 2148 Box 4054 2520 Box 4200 2334 Box 4346 2520 Box 4492 2520 Box 4638 2520 Box 4783 2148 Box 4929 2706 Box 5075 2520 Box 5221 2892 Box 5367 2334 Box 5513 2334 Box 5659 2892 Box 5805 2706 Box 5951 2520 Box 6097 2520 Box 6242 2706 Box 6388 2148 Box 6534 2520 Box 6680 2334 Box 6826 2148 Box 6266 833 Box stroke grestore end showpage %%Trailer %%DocumentFonts: TimesRoman %%EndDocument @endspecial 2054 2360 a @beginspecial 50 @llx 50 @lly 410 @urx 302 @ury 2016 @rwi @setspecial %%BeginDocument: lbefficacy/chat/pmqs.rel.ps %!PS-Adobe-2.0 EPSF-2.0 %%Title: pmqs.rel.ps %%Creator: gnuplot 3.7 patchlevel 1 %%CreationDate: Tue Sep 18 07:36:49 2001 %%DocumentFonts: (atend) %%BoundingBox: 50 50 410 302 %%Orientation: Portrait %%EndComments /gnudict 256 dict def gnudict begin /Color false def /Solid false def /gnulinewidth 5.000 def /userlinewidth gnulinewidth def /vshift -73 def /dl {10 mul} def /hpt_ 31.5 def /vpt_ 31.5 def /hpt hpt_ def /vpt vpt_ def /M {moveto} bind def /L {lineto} bind def /R {rmoveto} bind def /V {rlineto} bind def /vpt2 vpt 2 mul def /hpt2 hpt 2 mul def /Lshow { currentpoint stroke M 0 vshift R show } def /Rshow { currentpoint stroke M dup stringwidth pop neg vshift R show } def /Cshow { currentpoint stroke M dup stringwidth pop -2 div vshift R show } def /UP { dup vpt_ mul /vpt exch def hpt_ mul /hpt exch def /hpt2 hpt 2 mul def /vpt2 vpt 2 mul def } def /DL { Color {setrgbcolor Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash } {pop pop pop Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash} ifelse } def /BL { stroke userlinewidth 2 mul setlinewidth } def /AL { stroke userlinewidth 2 div setlinewidth } def /UL { dup gnulinewidth mul /userlinewidth exch def 10 mul /udl exch def } def /PL { stroke userlinewidth setlinewidth } def /LTb { BL [] 0 0 0 DL } def /LTa { AL [1 udl mul 2 udl mul] 0 setdash 0 0 0 setrgbcolor } def /LT0 { PL [] 1 0 0 DL } def /LT1 { PL [4 dl 2 dl] 0 1 0 DL } def /LT2 { PL [2 dl 3 dl] 0 0 1 DL } def /LT3 { PL [1 dl 1.5 dl] 1 0 1 DL } def /LT4 { PL [5 dl 2 dl 1 dl 2 dl] 0 1 1 DL } def /LT5 { PL [4 dl 3 dl 1 dl 3 dl] 1 1 0 DL } def /LT6 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 0 0 0 DL } def /LT7 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 1 0.3 0 DL } def /LT8 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 0.5 0.5 0.5 DL } def /Pnt { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave 1 setlinecap M 0 0 V stroke grestore } def /Dia { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath stroke Pnt } def /Pls { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt sub M 0 vpt2 V currentpoint stroke M hpt neg vpt neg R hpt2 0 V stroke } def /Box { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V closepath stroke Pnt } def /Crs { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M hpt2 vpt2 neg V currentpoint stroke M hpt2 neg 0 R hpt2 vpt2 V stroke } def /TriU { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath stroke Pnt } def /Star { 2 copy Pls Crs } def /BoxF { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V closepath fill } def /TriUF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath fill } def /TriD { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 1.12 mul sub M hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath stroke Pnt } def /TriDF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath fill} def /DiaF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath fill } def /Pent { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy gsave translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat closepath stroke grestore Pnt } def /PentF { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat closepath fill grestore } def /Circle { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy hpt 0 360 arc stroke Pnt } def /CircleF { stroke [] 0 setdash hpt 0 360 arc fill } def /C0 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto vpt 90 450 arc } bind def /C1 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 90 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C2 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 90 180 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C3 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 180 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C4 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 180 270 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C5 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 90 arc 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 180 270 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc } bind def /C6 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 90 270 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C7 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 270 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C8 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C9 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 270 450 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C10 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy 2 copy moveto vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 90 180 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C11 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 180 arc closepath fill 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C12 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 180 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C13 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 90 arc closepath fill 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 180 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C14 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 90 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc } bind def /C15 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 0 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /Rec { newpath 4 2 roll moveto 1 index 0 rlineto 0 exch rlineto neg 0 rlineto closepath } bind def /Square { dup Rec } bind def /Bsquare { vpt sub exch vpt sub exch vpt2 Square } bind def /S0 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 0 vpt rlineto BL Bsquare } bind def /S1 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S2 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S3 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S4 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S5 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy 2 copy vpt Square fill exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S6 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S7 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill 2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S8 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S9 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S10 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S11 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S12 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S13 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill 2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S14 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S15 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy Bsquare fill Bsquare } bind def /D0 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S0 stroke grestore } bind def /D1 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S1 stroke grestore } bind def /D2 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S2 stroke grestore } bind def /D3 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S3 stroke grestore } bind def /D4 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S4 stroke grestore } bind def /D5 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S5 stroke grestore } bind def /D6 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S6 stroke grestore } bind def /D7 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S7 stroke grestore } bind def /D8 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S8 stroke grestore } bind def /D9 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S9 stroke grestore } bind def /D10 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S10 stroke grestore } bind def /D11 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S11 stroke grestore } bind def /D12 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S12 stroke grestore } bind def /D13 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S13 stroke grestore } bind def /D14 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S14 stroke grestore } bind def /D15 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S15 stroke grestore } bind def /DiaE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath stroke } def /BoxE { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V closepath stroke } def /TriUE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath stroke } def /TriDE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath stroke } def /PentE { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat closepath stroke grestore } def /CircE { stroke [] 0 setdash hpt 0 360 arc stroke } def /Opaque { gsave closepath 1 setgray fill grestore 0 setgray closepath } def /DiaW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V Opaque stroke } def /BoxW { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V Opaque stroke } def /TriUW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V Opaque stroke } def /TriDW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V Opaque stroke } def /PentW { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat Opaque stroke grestore } def /CircW { stroke [] 0 setdash hpt 0 360 arc Opaque stroke } def /BoxFill { gsave Rec 1 setgray fill grestore } def end %%EndProlog gnudict begin gsave 50 50 translate 0.050 0.050 scale 0 setgray newpath (TimesRoman) findfont 220 scalefont setfont 1.000 UL LTb 990 660 M 63 0 V 5773 0 R -63 0 V 858 660 M (-40) Rshow 990 1125 M 63 0 V 5773 0 R -63 0 V -5905 0 R (-30) Rshow 990 1590 M 63 0 V 5773 0 R -63 0 V -5905 0 R (-20) Rshow 990 2055 M 63 0 V 5773 0 R -63 0 V -5905 0 R (-10) Rshow 990 2520 M 63 0 V 5773 0 R -63 0 V -5905 0 R (0) Rshow 990 2985 M 63 0 V 5773 0 R -63 0 V -5905 0 R (10) Rshow 990 3450 M 63 0 V 5773 0 R -63 0 V -5905 0 R (20) Rshow 990 3915 M 63 0 V 5773 0 R -63 0 V -5905 0 R (30) Rshow 990 4380 M 63 0 V 5773 0 R -63 0 V -5905 0 R (40) Rshow 990 660 M 0 63 V 0 3657 R 0 -63 V 990 440 M (2) Cshow 1638 660 M 0 63 V 0 3657 R 0 -63 V 0 -3877 R (4) Cshow 2287 660 M 0 63 V 0 3657 R 0 -63 V 0 -3877 R (6) Cshow 2935 660 M 0 63 V 0 3657 R 0 -63 V 0 -3877 R (8) Cshow 3584 660 M 0 63 V 0 3657 R 0 -63 V 0 -3877 R (10) Cshow 4232 660 M 0 63 V 0 3657 R 0 -63 V 0 -3877 R (12) Cshow 4881 660 M 0 63 V 0 3657 R 0 -63 V 0 -3877 R (14) Cshow 5529 660 M 0 63 V 0 3657 R 0 -63 V 0 -3877 R (16) Cshow 6178 660 M 0 63 V 0 3657 R 0 -63 V 0 -3877 R (18) Cshow 6826 660 M 0 63 V 0 3657 R 0 -63 V 0 -3877 R (20) Cshow 1.000 UL LTb 990 660 M 5836 0 V 0 3720 V -5836 0 V 990 660 L 220 2520 M currentpoint gsave translate 90 rotate 0 0 M (Deviation from Mean Runqueue Length) Cshow grestore 3908 110 M (Time) Cshow 3908 4710 M (Chat-PMQS\(4\)) Cshow 1.000 UP 1.000 UL LT0 5839 1493 M (RQ:1) Rshow 5971 1493 M 591 0 V 990 2520 M 324 -697 V 324 930 V 1963 1590 L 324 140 V 324 0 V 324 2325 V 325 -605 V 324 233 V 324 -837 V 324 -884 V 324 791 V 325 -233 V 324 0 V 324 0 V 990 2520 Pls 1314 1823 Pls 1638 2753 Pls 1963 1590 Pls 2287 1730 Pls 2611 1730 Pls 2935 4055 Pls 3260 3450 Pls 3584 3683 Pls 3908 2846 Pls 4232 1962 Pls 4556 2753 Pls 4881 2520 Pls 5205 2520 Pls 5529 2520 Pls 6266 1493 Pls 1.000 UP 1.000 UL LT1 5839 1273 M (RQ:2) Rshow 5971 1273 M 591 0 V 990 2520 M 324 -139 V 324 186 V 325 -47 V 324 -325 V 324 1023 V 2935 2055 L 325 279 V 3584 753 L 324 1442 V 324 604 V 324 -279 V 325 0 V 324 0 V 324 0 V 990 2520 Crs 1314 2381 Crs 1638 2567 Crs 1963 2520 Crs 2287 2195 Crs 2611 3218 Crs 2935 2055 Crs 3260 2334 Crs 3584 753 Crs 3908 2195 Crs 4232 2799 Crs 4556 2520 Crs 4881 2520 Crs 5205 2520 Crs 5529 2520 Crs 6266 1273 Crs 1.000 UP 1.000 UL LT2 5839 1053 M (RQ:3) Rshow 5971 1053 M 591 0 V 990 2520 M 324 372 V 324 -790 V 325 186 V 324 558 V 324 -512 V 324 -186 V 325 -604 V 324 1441 V 324 -837 V 324 93 V 324 326 V 325 -47 V 324 0 V 324 0 V 990 2520 Star 1314 2892 Star 1638 2102 Star 1963 2288 Star 2287 2846 Star 2611 2334 Star 2935 2148 Star 3260 1544 Star 3584 2985 Star 3908 2148 Star 4232 2241 Star 4556 2567 Star 4881 2520 Star 5205 2520 Star 5529 2520 Star 6266 1053 Star 1.000 UP 1.000 UL LT3 5839 833 M (RQ:4) Rshow 5971 833 M 591 0 V 990 2520 M 324 419 V 324 -279 V 325 1023 V 324 -326 V 324 -558 V 324 -976 V 325 930 V 324 -140 V 324 233 V 324 232 V 324 -837 V 325 279 V 324 0 V 324 0 V 990 2520 Box 1314 2939 Box 1638 2660 Box 1963 3683 Box 2287 3357 Box 2611 2799 Box 2935 1823 Box 3260 2753 Box 3584 2613 Box 3908 2846 Box 4232 3078 Box 4556 2241 Box 4881 2520 Box 5205 2520 Box 5529 2520 Box 6266 833 Box stroke grestore end showpage %%Trailer %%DocumentFonts: TimesRoman %%EndDocument @endspecial 2026 2543 a(Figure) k(1:) 47 b(Deviation) 33 b(from) g(mean) f(of) h(runqueue) 2026 2643 y(lengths) 24 b(for) g(a) g(4-w) n(a) n(y) e(SMP) i(executing) g(PMQS\(4\)) 2109 3009 y(Figure) 18 b(1) h(sho) n(ws) e(the) i(load) f(im) n(balances) g (that) h(are) 2026 3109 y(ac) n(hiev) n(ed) h(under) g(Mkb) r(enc) n(h) h(and) g(Chat) g(when) g(run-) 2026 3208 y(ning) 35 b(PMQS) g(with) g (p) r(o) r(olsize=4,) h(whic) n(h) f(is) g(basi-) 2026 3308 y(cally) 20 b(equiv) -5 b(alen) n(t) 20 b(to) g(MQS.) g(F) -7 b(or) 20 b(Mkb) r(enc) n(h) g(the) h(in-) 2026 3407 y(dividual) f (runqueue) h(length) f(of) g(the) h(v) -5 b(arious) 19 b(CPUs) 2026 3507 y(falls) 27 b(in) n(to) h(a) f(narro) n(w) e(range) i (of) p Fk 27 w(\006) p Fj(2.) 2109 3706 y(LBOFF) f(simply) h(utilizes) g (CPU) f(p) r(o) r(oling) g(with-) 2026 3806 y(out) 33 b(an) n(y) g(attempt) h(to) f(balance) g(load) f(among) h(the) 2026 3906 y(p) r(o) r(ols) k(or) g(CPUs.) 67 b(With) 39 b(p) r(o) r (olsize=1,) f(the) h(run-) 2026 4005 y(queues) 20 b(are) g(isolated) g (from) g(eac) n(h) g(other.) 34 b(The) 20 b(only) 2026 4105 y(means) h(for) h(a) f(pro) r(cess) g(to) g(migrate) g(from) h (one) f(CPU) 2026 4204 y(to) 26 b(another) f(is) h(during) g(resc) n (hedule) p 3151 4204 V 29 w(idle\(\)) h(in) n(v) n(o) r(ca-) 2026 4304 y(tions) 32 b(when) g(there) h(exist) f(idle) g(pro) r(cessors) e (on) i(re-) 2026 4404 y(mote) h(p) r(o) r(ols.) 53 b(Figure) 32 b(2) h(sho) n(ws) f(the) h(load) g(im) n(bal-) 2026 4503 y(ances) e(that) g(are) g(ac) n(hiev) n(ed) f(under) i(Mkb) r(enc) n(h) f(and) 2026 4603 y(Chat.) 63 b(F) -7 b(or) 36 b(b) r(oth,) j(the) e(p) r (er-CPU) f(load) f(can) h(de-) 2026 4703 y(viate) c(quite) h(substan) n (tially) -7 b(.) 52 b(W) -7 b(e) 33 b(use) f(this) h(graph) 2026 4802 y(as) k(a) g(reference) f(p) r(oin) n(t) i(for) f(ev) -5 b(aluating) 37 b(the) h(load) 2026 4902 y(balancers) 26 b(b) r(elo) n(w.) 2109 5101 y(In) p Fa 34 w(initial) 37 b(plac) l(ement) p Fj 35 w(\(IP\),) d(a) g(task) f(is) h(mo) n(v) n(ed) 2026 5201 y(to) 40 b(the) h(least) e(loaded) h(CPU) g(as) f(de\014ned) i (b) n(y) f(the) 2026 5300 y(CPU's) 21 b(runqueue) g(length,) i(when) f (a) f(new) g(program) 2026 5400 y(is) j(launc) n(hed,) h(i.e.) 36 b(at) p Fa 24 w(sys) p 2828 5400 26 4 v 30 w(exe) l(cv\(\)) p Fj 25 w(time.) g(Figure) 23 b(3) p 90 rotate dyy eop %%Page: 8 8 8 7 bop 277 1176 a @beginspecial 50 @llx 50 @lly 410 @urx 302 @ury 2016 @rwi @setspecial %%BeginDocument: lbefficacy/mkbench/lboff.rel.ps %!PS-Adobe-2.0 EPSF-2.0 %%Title: lboff.rel.ps %%Creator: gnuplot 3.7 patchlevel 1 %%CreationDate: Tue Sep 18 07:36:48 2001 %%DocumentFonts: (atend) %%BoundingBox: 50 50 410 302 %%Orientation: Portrait %%EndComments /gnudict 256 dict def gnudict begin /Color false def /Solid false def /gnulinewidth 5.000 def /userlinewidth gnulinewidth def /vshift -73 def /dl {10 mul} def /hpt_ 31.5 def /vpt_ 31.5 def /hpt hpt_ def /vpt vpt_ def /M {moveto} bind def /L {lineto} bind def /R {rmoveto} bind def /V {rlineto} bind def /vpt2 vpt 2 mul def /hpt2 hpt 2 mul def /Lshow { currentpoint stroke M 0 vshift R show } def /Rshow { currentpoint stroke M dup stringwidth pop neg vshift R show } def /Cshow { currentpoint stroke M dup stringwidth pop -2 div vshift R show } def /UP { dup vpt_ mul /vpt exch def hpt_ mul /hpt exch def /hpt2 hpt 2 mul def /vpt2 vpt 2 mul def } def /DL { Color {setrgbcolor Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash } {pop pop pop Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash} ifelse } def /BL { stroke userlinewidth 2 mul setlinewidth } def /AL { stroke userlinewidth 2 div setlinewidth } def /UL { dup gnulinewidth mul /userlinewidth exch def 10 mul /udl exch def } def /PL { stroke userlinewidth setlinewidth } def /LTb { BL [] 0 0 0 DL } def /LTa { AL [1 udl mul 2 udl mul] 0 setdash 0 0 0 setrgbcolor } def /LT0 { PL [] 1 0 0 DL } def /LT1 { PL [4 dl 2 dl] 0 1 0 DL } def /LT2 { PL [2 dl 3 dl] 0 0 1 DL } def /LT3 { PL [1 dl 1.5 dl] 1 0 1 DL } def /LT4 { PL [5 dl 2 dl 1 dl 2 dl] 0 1 1 DL } def /LT5 { PL [4 dl 3 dl 1 dl 3 dl] 1 1 0 DL } def /LT6 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 0 0 0 DL } def /LT7 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 1 0.3 0 DL } def /LT8 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 0.5 0.5 0.5 DL } def /Pnt { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave 1 setlinecap M 0 0 V stroke grestore } def /Dia { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath stroke Pnt } def /Pls { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt sub M 0 vpt2 V currentpoint stroke M hpt neg vpt neg R hpt2 0 V stroke } def /Box { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V closepath stroke Pnt } def /Crs { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M hpt2 vpt2 neg V currentpoint stroke M hpt2 neg 0 R hpt2 vpt2 V stroke } def /TriU { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath stroke Pnt } def /Star { 2 copy Pls Crs } def /BoxF { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V closepath fill } def /TriUF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath fill } def /TriD { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 1.12 mul sub M hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath stroke Pnt } def /TriDF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath fill} def /DiaF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath fill } def /Pent { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy gsave translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat closepath stroke grestore Pnt } def /PentF { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat closepath fill grestore } def /Circle { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy hpt 0 360 arc stroke Pnt } def /CircleF { stroke [] 0 setdash hpt 0 360 arc fill } def /C0 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto vpt 90 450 arc } bind def /C1 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 90 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C2 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 90 180 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C3 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 180 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C4 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 180 270 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C5 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 90 arc 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 180 270 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc } bind def /C6 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 90 270 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C7 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 270 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C8 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C9 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 270 450 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C10 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy 2 copy moveto vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 90 180 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C11 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 180 arc closepath fill 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C12 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 180 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C13 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 90 arc closepath fill 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 180 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C14 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 90 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc } bind def /C15 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 0 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /Rec { newpath 4 2 roll moveto 1 index 0 rlineto 0 exch rlineto neg 0 rlineto closepath } bind def /Square { dup Rec } bind def /Bsquare { vpt sub exch vpt sub exch vpt2 Square } bind def /S0 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 0 vpt rlineto BL Bsquare } bind def /S1 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S2 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S3 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S4 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S5 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy 2 copy vpt Square fill exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S6 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S7 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill 2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S8 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S9 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S10 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S11 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S12 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S13 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill 2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S14 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S15 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy Bsquare fill Bsquare } bind def /D0 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S0 stroke grestore } bind def /D1 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S1 stroke grestore } bind def /D2 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S2 stroke grestore } bind def /D3 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S3 stroke grestore } bind def /D4 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S4 stroke grestore } bind def /D5 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S5 stroke grestore } bind def /D6 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S6 stroke grestore } bind def /D7 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S7 stroke grestore } bind def /D8 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S8 stroke grestore } bind def /D9 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S9 stroke grestore } bind def /D10 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S10 stroke grestore } bind def /D11 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S11 stroke grestore } bind def /D12 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S12 stroke grestore } bind def /D13 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S13 stroke grestore } bind def /D14 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S14 stroke grestore } bind def /D15 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S15 stroke grestore } bind def /DiaE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath stroke } def /BoxE { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V closepath stroke } def /TriUE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath stroke } def /TriDE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath stroke } def /PentE { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat closepath stroke grestore } def /CircE { stroke [] 0 setdash hpt 0 360 arc stroke } def /Opaque { gsave closepath 1 setgray fill grestore 0 setgray closepath } def /DiaW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V Opaque stroke } def /BoxW { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V Opaque stroke } def /TriUW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V Opaque stroke } def /TriDW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V Opaque stroke } def /PentW { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat Opaque stroke grestore } def /CircW { stroke [] 0 setdash hpt 0 360 arc Opaque stroke } def /BoxFill { gsave Rec 1 setgray fill grestore } def end %%EndProlog gnudict begin gsave 50 50 translate 0.050 0.050 scale 0 setgray newpath (TimesRoman) findfont 220 scalefont setfont 1.000 UL LTb 990 660 M 63 0 V 5773 0 R -63 0 V 858 660 M (-10) Rshow 990 1590 M 63 0 V 5773 0 R -63 0 V -5905 0 R (-5) Rshow 990 2520 M 63 0 V 5773 0 R -63 0 V -5905 0 R (0) Rshow 990 3450 M 63 0 V 5773 0 R -63 0 V -5905 0 R (5) Rshow 990 4380 M 63 0 V 5773 0 R -63 0 V -5905 0 R (10) Rshow 990 660 M 0 63 V 0 3657 R 0 -63 V 990 440 M (80) Cshow 1720 660 M 0 63 V 0 3657 R 0 -63 V 0 -3877 R (85) Cshow 2449 660 M 0 63 V 0 3657 R 0 -63 V 0 -3877 R (90) Cshow 3179 660 M 0 63 V 0 3657 R 0 -63 V 0 -3877 R (95) Cshow 3908 660 M 0 63 V 0 3657 R 0 -63 V 0 -3877 R (100) Cshow 4638 660 M 0 63 V 0 3657 R 0 -63 V 0 -3877 R (105) Cshow 5367 660 M 0 63 V 0 3657 R 0 -63 V 0 -3877 R (110) Cshow 6097 660 M 0 63 V 0 3657 R 0 -63 V 0 -3877 R (115) Cshow 6826 660 M 0 63 V 0 3657 R 0 -63 V 0 -3877 R (120) Cshow 1.000 UL LTb 990 660 M 5836 0 V 0 3720 V -5836 0 V 990 660 L 220 2520 M currentpoint gsave translate 90 rotate 0 0 M (Deviation from Mean Runqueue Length) Cshow grestore 3908 110 M (Time) Cshow 3908 4710 M (mkbench-LBOFF) Cshow 1.000 UP 1.000 UL LT0 5839 1493 M (RQ:1) Rshow 5971 1493 M 591 0 V 990 2706 M 146 -372 V 146 186 V 146 -186 V 146 186 V 146 0 V 145 0 V 146 -186 V 146 0 V 146 0 V 146 -186 V 146 -186 V 146 186 V 146 -372 V 146 -186 V 146 -186 V 145 -186 V 146 186 V 146 0 V 146 0 V 146 0 V 146 0 V 146 186 V 146 -186 V 146 0 V 146 0 V 145 0 V 146 186 V 146 -372 V 146 186 V 146 186 V 146 -186 V 146 186 V 146 -186 V 146 0 V 146 0 V 145 0 V 146 0 V 146 186 V 146 0 V 146 -186 V 990 2706 Pls 1136 2334 Pls 1282 2520 Pls 1428 2334 Pls 1574 2520 Pls 1720 2520 Pls 1865 2520 Pls 2011 2334 Pls 2157 2334 Pls 2303 2334 Pls 2449 2148 Pls 2595 1962 Pls 2741 2148 Pls 2887 1776 Pls 3033 1590 Pls 3179 1404 Pls 3324 1218 Pls 3470 1404 Pls 3616 1404 Pls 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Crs 3908 2520 Crs 4054 2520 Crs 4200 2520 Crs 4346 2520 Crs 4492 2520 Crs 4638 2520 Crs 4783 2520 Crs 4929 2520 Crs 5075 2520 Crs 5221 2520 Crs 5367 2520 Crs 5513 2520 Crs 5659 2520 Crs 5805 2520 Crs 5951 2520 Crs 6097 2520 Crs 6242 2520 Crs 6388 2520 Crs 6534 2520 Crs 6680 2520 Crs 6826 2520 Crs 6266 1273 Crs 1.000 UP 1.000 UL LT2 5839 1053 M (RQ:3) Rshow 5971 1053 M 591 0 V 990 1962 M 146 -186 V 146 186 V 146 186 V 146 -186 V 146 0 V 145 186 V 146 186 V 146 0 V 146 0 V 146 0 V 146 186 V 146 -186 V 146 186 V 146 372 V 146 0 V 145 0 V 146 -186 V 146 186 V 146 0 V 146 -186 V 146 0 V 146 186 V 146 0 V 146 -186 V 146 186 V 145 0 V 146 -186 V 146 186 V 146 0 V 146 -186 V 146 186 V 146 0 V 146 0 V 146 0 V 146 0 V 145 0 V 146 0 V 146 -186 V 146 0 V 146 186 V 990 1962 Star 1136 1776 Star 1282 1962 Star 1428 2148 Star 1574 1962 Star 1720 1962 Star 1865 2148 Star 2011 2334 Star 2157 2334 Star 2303 2334 Star 2449 2334 Star 2595 2520 Star 2741 2334 Star 2887 2520 Star 3033 2892 Star 3179 2892 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Box 2741 3264 Box 2887 3264 Box 3033 3264 Box 3179 3264 Box 3324 3450 Box 3470 3450 Box 3616 3264 Box 3762 3264 Box 3908 3450 Box 4054 3450 Box 4200 3264 Box 4346 3264 Box 4492 3450 Box 4638 3264 Box 4783 3264 Box 4929 3264 Box 5075 3450 Box 5221 3264 Box 5367 3078 Box 5513 3264 Box 5659 3264 Box 5805 3264 Box 5951 3264 Box 6097 3264 Box 6242 3264 Box 6388 3264 Box 6534 3264 Box 6680 3078 Box 6826 3078 Box 6266 833 Box stroke grestore end showpage %%Trailer %%DocumentFonts: TimesRoman %%EndDocument @endspecial 277 2360 a @beginspecial 50 @llx 50 @lly 410 @urx 302 @ury 2016 @rwi @setspecial %%BeginDocument: lbefficacy/chat/lboff.rel.ps %!PS-Adobe-2.0 EPSF-2.0 %%Title: lboff.rel.ps %%Creator: gnuplot 3.7 patchlevel 1 %%CreationDate: Tue Sep 18 07:36:49 2001 %%DocumentFonts: (atend) %%BoundingBox: 50 50 410 302 %%Orientation: Portrait %%EndComments /gnudict 256 dict def gnudict begin /Color false def /Solid false def /gnulinewidth 5.000 def /userlinewidth gnulinewidth def /vshift -73 def /dl {10 mul} def /hpt_ 31.5 def /vpt_ 31.5 def /hpt hpt_ def /vpt vpt_ def /M {moveto} bind def /L {lineto} bind def /R {rmoveto} bind def /V {rlineto} bind def /vpt2 vpt 2 mul def /hpt2 hpt 2 mul def /Lshow { currentpoint stroke M 0 vshift R show } def /Rshow { currentpoint stroke M dup stringwidth pop neg vshift R show } def /Cshow { currentpoint stroke M dup stringwidth pop -2 div vshift R show } def /UP { dup vpt_ mul /vpt exch def hpt_ mul /hpt exch def /hpt2 hpt 2 mul def /vpt2 vpt 2 mul def } def /DL { Color {setrgbcolor Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash } {pop pop pop Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash} ifelse } def /BL { stroke userlinewidth 2 mul setlinewidth } def /AL { stroke userlinewidth 2 div setlinewidth } def /UL { dup gnulinewidth mul /userlinewidth exch def 10 mul /udl exch def } def /PL { stroke userlinewidth setlinewidth } def /LTb { BL [] 0 0 0 DL } def /LTa { AL [1 udl mul 2 udl mul] 0 setdash 0 0 0 setrgbcolor } def /LT0 { PL [] 1 0 0 DL } def /LT1 { PL [4 dl 2 dl] 0 1 0 DL } def /LT2 { PL [2 dl 3 dl] 0 0 1 DL } def /LT3 { PL [1 dl 1.5 dl] 1 0 1 DL } def /LT4 { PL [5 dl 2 dl 1 dl 2 dl] 0 1 1 DL } def /LT5 { PL [4 dl 3 dl 1 dl 3 dl] 1 1 0 DL } def /LT6 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 0 0 0 DL } def /LT7 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 1 0.3 0 DL } def /LT8 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 0.5 0.5 0.5 DL } def /Pnt { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave 1 setlinecap M 0 0 V stroke grestore } def /Dia { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath stroke Pnt } def /Pls { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt sub M 0 vpt2 V currentpoint stroke M hpt neg vpt neg R hpt2 0 V stroke } def /Box { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V closepath stroke Pnt } def /Crs { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M hpt2 vpt2 neg V currentpoint stroke M hpt2 neg 0 R hpt2 vpt2 V stroke } def /TriU { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath stroke Pnt } def /Star { 2 copy Pls Crs } def /BoxF { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V closepath fill } def /TriUF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath fill } def /TriD { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 1.12 mul sub M hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath stroke Pnt } def /TriDF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath fill} def /DiaF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath fill } def /Pent { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy gsave translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat closepath stroke grestore Pnt } def /PentF { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat closepath fill grestore } def /Circle { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy hpt 0 360 arc stroke Pnt } def /CircleF { stroke [] 0 setdash hpt 0 360 arc fill } def /C0 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto vpt 90 450 arc } bind def /C1 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 90 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C2 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 90 180 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C3 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 180 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C4 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 180 270 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C5 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 90 arc 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 180 270 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc } bind def /C6 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 90 270 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C7 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 270 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C8 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C9 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 270 450 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C10 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy 2 copy moveto vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 90 180 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C11 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 180 arc closepath fill 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C12 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 180 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C13 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 90 arc closepath fill 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 180 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C14 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 90 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc } bind def /C15 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 0 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /Rec { newpath 4 2 roll moveto 1 index 0 rlineto 0 exch rlineto neg 0 rlineto closepath } bind def /Square { dup Rec } bind def /Bsquare { vpt sub exch vpt sub exch vpt2 Square } bind def /S0 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 0 vpt rlineto BL Bsquare } bind def /S1 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S2 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S3 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S4 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S5 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy 2 copy vpt Square fill exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S6 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S7 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill 2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S8 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S9 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S10 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S11 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S12 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S13 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill 2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S14 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S15 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy Bsquare fill Bsquare } bind def /D0 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S0 stroke grestore } bind def /D1 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S1 stroke grestore } bind def /D2 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S2 stroke grestore } bind def /D3 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S3 stroke grestore } bind def /D4 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S4 stroke grestore } bind def /D5 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S5 stroke grestore } bind def /D6 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S6 stroke grestore } bind def /D7 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S7 stroke grestore } bind def /D8 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S8 stroke grestore } bind def /D9 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S9 stroke grestore } bind def /D10 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S10 stroke grestore } bind def /D11 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S11 stroke grestore } bind def /D12 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S12 stroke grestore } bind def /D13 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S13 stroke grestore } bind def /D14 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S14 stroke grestore } bind def /D15 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S15 stroke grestore } bind def /DiaE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath stroke } def /BoxE { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V closepath stroke } def /TriUE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath stroke } def /TriDE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath stroke } def /PentE { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat closepath stroke grestore } def /CircE { stroke [] 0 setdash hpt 0 360 arc stroke } def /Opaque { gsave closepath 1 setgray fill grestore 0 setgray closepath } def /DiaW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V Opaque stroke } def /BoxW { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V Opaque stroke } def /TriUW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V Opaque stroke } def /TriDW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V Opaque stroke } def /PentW { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat Opaque stroke grestore } def /CircW { stroke [] 0 setdash hpt 0 360 arc Opaque stroke } def /BoxFill { gsave Rec 1 setgray fill grestore } def end %%EndProlog gnudict begin gsave 50 50 translate 0.050 0.050 scale 0 setgray newpath (TimesRoman) findfont 220 scalefont setfont 1.000 UL LTb 990 660 M 63 0 V 5773 0 R -63 0 V 858 660 M (-40) Rshow 990 1125 M 63 0 V 5773 0 R -63 0 V -5905 0 R (-30) Rshow 990 1590 M 63 0 V 5773 0 R -63 0 V -5905 0 R (-20) Rshow 990 2055 M 63 0 V 5773 0 R -63 0 V -5905 0 R (-10) Rshow 990 2520 M 63 0 V 5773 0 R -63 0 V -5905 0 R (0) Rshow 990 2985 M 63 0 V 5773 0 R -63 0 V -5905 0 R (10) Rshow 990 3450 M 63 0 V 5773 0 R -63 0 V -5905 0 R (20) Rshow 990 3915 M 63 0 V 5773 0 R -63 0 V -5905 0 R (30) Rshow 990 4380 M 63 0 V 5773 0 R -63 0 V -5905 0 R (40) Rshow 990 660 M 0 63 V 0 3657 R 0 -63 V 990 440 M (2) Cshow 1638 660 M 0 63 V 0 3657 R 0 -63 V 0 -3877 R (4) Cshow 2287 660 M 0 63 V 0 3657 R 0 -63 V 0 -3877 R (6) Cshow 2935 660 M 0 63 V 0 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4204 y(T) -7 b(o) 31 b(do) g(this,) i(w) n(e) f(pro) n(vide) e(an) h (external) g(load) g(bal-) 249 4304 y(ancer) j(mo) r(dule) h(\(LB\)) h (whic) n(h) e(balances) g(the) i(run-) 249 4404 y(queues) c(of) g(CPUs) g(b) r(elonging) g(to) g(di\013eren) n(t) g(p) r(o) r(ols) 249 4503 y(based) k(on) g(user-sp) r(eci\014ed) g(parameters) f(and) h(and) 249 4603 y(a) 45 b(load) g(function) h(determining) f(the) h(CPU-load) 249 4703 y(w) n(eigh) n(t) 32 b(of) g(eac) n(h) g(runqueue) h(to) n(w) n (ards) d(the) j(o) n(v) n(erall) 249 4802 y(load.) g(So) 18 b(far) g(w) n(e) h(ha) n(v) n(e) e(considered) g(t) n(w) n(o) h(load) g (func-) 249 4902 y(tions.) 36 b(The) p Ff 25 w(runqueue) p 1009 4902 27 4 v 29 w(length) p Fj 23 w(load) 24 b(function) i(is) 249 5001 y(simply) 31 b(the) h(length) f(of) g(the) h(CPU) e(runqueue) h (and) 249 5101 y(the) p Ff 40 w(runqueue) p 761 5101 V 28 w(na) p 877 5101 V 31 w(goodness) p Fj 36 w(load) 39 b(function) h(is) 249 5201 y(computed) 25 b(b) n(y) f(summing) h(the) f (non-a\016nit) n(y) g(go) r(o) r(d-) 249 5300 y(ness) 29 b(v) -5 b(alues) 30 b(of) g(eac) n(h) f(task) g(on) g(a) h(runqueue.) 43 b(The) 249 5400 y(results) 33 b(presen) n(ted) g(in) h(this) g(pap) r (er) f(are) f(based) h(on) 2054 1176 y @beginspecial 50 @llx 50 @lly 410 @urx 302 @ury 2016 @rwi @setspecial %%BeginDocument: lbefficacy/mkbench/ip.rel.ps %!PS-Adobe-2.0 EPSF-2.0 %%Title: ip.rel.ps %%Creator: gnuplot 3.7 patchlevel 1 %%CreationDate: Tue Sep 18 07:36:48 2001 %%DocumentFonts: (atend) %%BoundingBox: 50 50 410 302 %%Orientation: Portrait %%EndComments /gnudict 256 dict def gnudict begin /Color false def /Solid false def /gnulinewidth 5.000 def /userlinewidth gnulinewidth def /vshift -73 def /dl {10 mul} def /hpt_ 31.5 def /vpt_ 31.5 def /hpt hpt_ def /vpt vpt_ def /M {moveto} bind def /L {lineto} bind def /R {rmoveto} bind def /V {rlineto} bind def /vpt2 vpt 2 mul def /hpt2 hpt 2 mul def /Lshow { currentpoint stroke M 0 vshift R show } def /Rshow { currentpoint stroke M dup stringwidth pop neg vshift R show } def /Cshow { currentpoint stroke M dup stringwidth pop -2 div vshift R show } def /UP { dup vpt_ mul /vpt exch def hpt_ mul /hpt exch def /hpt2 hpt 2 mul def /vpt2 vpt 2 mul def } def /DL { Color {setrgbcolor Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash } {pop pop pop Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash} ifelse } def /BL { stroke userlinewidth 2 mul setlinewidth } def /AL { stroke userlinewidth 2 div setlinewidth } def /UL { dup gnulinewidth mul /userlinewidth exch def 10 mul /udl exch def } def /PL { stroke userlinewidth setlinewidth } def /LTb { BL [] 0 0 0 DL } def /LTa { AL [1 udl mul 2 udl mul] 0 setdash 0 0 0 setrgbcolor } def /LT0 { PL [] 1 0 0 DL } def /LT1 { PL [4 dl 2 dl] 0 1 0 DL } def /LT2 { PL [2 dl 3 dl] 0 0 1 DL } def /LT3 { PL [1 dl 1.5 dl] 1 0 1 DL } def /LT4 { PL [5 dl 2 dl 1 dl 2 dl] 0 1 1 DL } def /LT5 { PL [4 dl 3 dl 1 dl 3 dl] 1 1 0 DL } def /LT6 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 0 0 0 DL } def /LT7 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 1 0.3 0 DL } def /LT8 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 0.5 0.5 0.5 DL } def /Pnt { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave 1 setlinecap M 0 0 V stroke grestore } def /Dia { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath stroke Pnt } def /Pls { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt sub M 0 vpt2 V currentpoint stroke M hpt neg vpt neg R hpt2 0 V stroke } def /Box { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V closepath stroke Pnt } def /Crs { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M hpt2 vpt2 neg V currentpoint stroke M hpt2 neg 0 R hpt2 vpt2 V stroke } def /TriU { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath stroke Pnt } def /Star { 2 copy Pls Crs } def /BoxF { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V closepath fill } def /TriUF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath fill } def /TriD { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 1.12 mul sub M hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath stroke Pnt } def /TriDF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath fill} def /DiaF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath fill } def /Pent { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy gsave translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat closepath stroke grestore Pnt } def /PentF { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat closepath fill grestore } def /Circle { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy hpt 0 360 arc stroke Pnt } def /CircleF { stroke [] 0 setdash hpt 0 360 arc fill } def /C0 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto vpt 90 450 arc } bind def /C1 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 90 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C2 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 90 180 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C3 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 180 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C4 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 180 270 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C5 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 90 arc 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 180 270 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc } bind def /C6 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 90 270 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C7 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 270 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C8 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C9 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 270 450 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C10 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy 2 copy moveto vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 90 180 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C11 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 180 arc closepath fill 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C12 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 180 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C13 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 90 arc closepath fill 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 180 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C14 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 90 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc } bind def /C15 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 0 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /Rec { newpath 4 2 roll moveto 1 index 0 rlineto 0 exch rlineto neg 0 rlineto closepath } bind def /Square { dup Rec } bind def /Bsquare { vpt sub exch vpt sub exch vpt2 Square } bind def /S0 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 0 vpt rlineto BL Bsquare } bind def /S1 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S2 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S3 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S4 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S5 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy 2 copy vpt Square fill exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S6 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S7 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill 2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S8 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S9 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S10 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S11 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S12 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S13 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill 2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S14 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S15 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy Bsquare fill Bsquare } bind def /D0 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S0 stroke grestore } bind def /D1 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S1 stroke grestore } bind def /D2 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S2 stroke grestore } bind def /D3 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S3 stroke grestore } bind def /D4 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S4 stroke grestore } bind def /D5 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S5 stroke grestore } bind def /D6 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S6 stroke grestore } bind def /D7 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S7 stroke grestore } bind def /D8 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S8 stroke grestore } bind def /D9 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S9 stroke grestore } bind def /D10 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S10 stroke grestore } bind def /D11 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S11 stroke grestore } bind def /D12 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S12 stroke grestore } bind def /D13 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S13 stroke grestore } bind def /D14 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S14 stroke grestore } bind def /D15 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S15 stroke grestore } bind def /DiaE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath stroke } def /BoxE { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V closepath stroke } def /TriUE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath stroke } def /TriDE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath stroke } def /PentE { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat closepath stroke grestore } def /CircE { stroke [] 0 setdash hpt 0 360 arc stroke } def /Opaque { gsave closepath 1 setgray fill grestore 0 setgray closepath } def /DiaW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V Opaque stroke } def /BoxW { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V Opaque stroke } def /TriUW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V Opaque stroke } def /TriDW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V Opaque stroke } def /PentW { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat Opaque stroke grestore } def /CircW { stroke [] 0 setdash hpt 0 360 arc Opaque stroke } def /BoxFill { gsave Rec 1 setgray fill grestore } def end %%EndProlog gnudict begin gsave 50 50 translate 0.050 0.050 scale 0 setgray newpath (TimesRoman) findfont 220 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Pls 6242 2520 Pls 6388 2520 Pls 6534 2520 Pls 6680 2706 Pls 6826 2520 Pls 6266 1493 Pls 1.000 UP 1.000 UL LT1 5839 1273 M (RQ:2) Rshow 5971 1273 M 591 0 V 990 2520 M 146 0 V 146 -186 V 146 186 V 146 0 V 146 -186 V 145 186 V 146 0 V 146 186 V 146 0 V 146 -186 V 146 0 V 146 186 V 146 -186 V 146 0 V 146 0 V 145 -186 V 146 186 V 146 186 V 146 0 V 146 -186 V 146 -186 V 146 186 V 146 0 V 146 0 V 146 0 V 145 0 V 146 0 V 146 -372 V 146 -186 V 146 558 V 146 -186 V 146 186 V 146 372 V 146 -372 V 146 0 V 145 186 V 146 -186 V 146 0 V 146 0 V 146 186 V 990 2520 Crs 1136 2520 Crs 1282 2334 Crs 1428 2520 Crs 1574 2520 Crs 1720 2334 Crs 1865 2520 Crs 2011 2520 Crs 2157 2706 Crs 2303 2706 Crs 2449 2520 Crs 2595 2520 Crs 2741 2706 Crs 2887 2520 Crs 3033 2520 Crs 3179 2520 Crs 3324 2334 Crs 3470 2520 Crs 3616 2706 Crs 3762 2706 Crs 3908 2520 Crs 4054 2334 Crs 4200 2520 Crs 4346 2520 Crs 4492 2520 Crs 4638 2520 Crs 4783 2520 Crs 4929 2520 Crs 5075 2148 Crs 5221 1962 Crs 5367 2520 Crs 5513 2334 Crs 5659 2520 Crs 5805 2892 Crs 5951 2520 Crs 6097 2520 Crs 6242 2706 Crs 6388 2520 Crs 6534 2520 Crs 6680 2520 Crs 6826 2706 Crs 6266 1273 Crs 1.000 UP 1.000 UL LT2 5839 1053 M (RQ:3) Rshow 5971 1053 M 591 0 V 990 2520 M 146 0 V 146 0 V 146 186 V 146 -186 V 146 -186 V 145 372 V 146 -372 V 146 0 V 146 0 V 146 186 V 146 0 V 146 -186 V 146 186 V 146 0 V 146 0 V 145 0 V 146 0 V 146 0 V 146 0 V 146 0 V 146 0 V 146 186 V 146 -186 V 146 0 V 146 0 V 145 0 V 146 0 V 146 -186 V 146 186 V 146 186 V 146 -372 V 146 372 V 146 -372 V 146 0 V 146 186 V 145 0 V 146 0 V 146 0 V 146 -186 V 146 186 V 990 2520 Star 1136 2520 Star 1282 2520 Star 1428 2706 Star 1574 2520 Star 1720 2334 Star 1865 2706 Star 2011 2334 Star 2157 2334 Star 2303 2334 Star 2449 2520 Star 2595 2520 Star 2741 2334 Star 2887 2520 Star 3033 2520 Star 3179 2520 Star 3324 2520 Star 3470 2520 Star 3616 2520 Star 3762 2520 Star 3908 2520 Star 4054 2520 Star 4200 2706 Star 4346 2520 Star 4492 2520 Star 4638 2520 Star 4783 2520 Star 4929 2520 Star 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4638 2520 Box 4783 2520 Box 4929 2520 Box 5075 2520 Box 5221 2520 Box 5367 2520 Box 5513 2520 Box 5659 2334 Box 5805 2520 Box 5951 2520 Box 6097 2520 Box 6242 2520 Box 6388 2520 Box 6534 2520 Box 6680 2520 Box 6826 2520 Box 6266 833 Box stroke grestore end showpage %%Trailer %%DocumentFonts: TimesRoman %%EndDocument @endspecial 2054 2360 a @beginspecial 50 @llx 50 @lly 410 @urx 302 @ury 2016 @rwi @setspecial %%BeginDocument: lbefficacy/chat/ip.rel.ps %!PS-Adobe-2.0 EPSF-2.0 %%Title: ip.rel.ps %%Creator: gnuplot 3.7 patchlevel 1 %%CreationDate: Tue Sep 18 07:36:49 2001 %%DocumentFonts: (atend) %%BoundingBox: 50 50 410 302 %%Orientation: Portrait %%EndComments /gnudict 256 dict def gnudict begin /Color false def /Solid false def /gnulinewidth 5.000 def /userlinewidth gnulinewidth def /vshift -73 def /dl {10 mul} def /hpt_ 31.5 def /vpt_ 31.5 def /hpt hpt_ def /vpt vpt_ def /M {moveto} bind def /L {lineto} bind def /R {rmoveto} bind def /V {rlineto} bind def /vpt2 vpt 2 mul def /hpt2 hpt 2 mul def /Lshow { currentpoint stroke M 0 vshift R show } def /Rshow { currentpoint stroke M dup stringwidth pop neg vshift R show } def /Cshow { currentpoint stroke M dup stringwidth pop -2 div vshift R show } def /UP { dup vpt_ mul /vpt exch def hpt_ mul /hpt exch def /hpt2 hpt 2 mul def /vpt2 vpt 2 mul def } def /DL { Color {setrgbcolor Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash } {pop pop pop Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash} ifelse } def /BL { stroke userlinewidth 2 mul setlinewidth } def /AL { stroke userlinewidth 2 div setlinewidth } def /UL { dup gnulinewidth mul /userlinewidth exch def 10 mul /udl exch def } def /PL { stroke userlinewidth setlinewidth } def /LTb { BL [] 0 0 0 DL } def /LTa { AL [1 udl mul 2 udl mul] 0 setdash 0 0 0 setrgbcolor } def /LT0 { PL [] 1 0 0 DL } def /LT1 { PL [4 dl 2 dl] 0 1 0 DL } def /LT2 { PL [2 dl 3 dl] 0 0 1 DL } def /LT3 { PL [1 dl 1.5 dl] 1 0 1 DL } def /LT4 { PL [5 dl 2 dl 1 dl 2 dl] 0 1 1 DL } def /LT5 { PL [4 dl 3 dl 1 dl 3 dl] 1 1 0 DL } def /LT6 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 0 0 0 DL } def /LT7 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 1 0.3 0 DL } def /LT8 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 0.5 0.5 0.5 DL } def /Pnt { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave 1 setlinecap M 0 0 V stroke grestore } def /Dia { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath stroke Pnt } def /Pls { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt sub M 0 vpt2 V currentpoint stroke M hpt neg vpt neg R hpt2 0 V stroke } def /Box { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V closepath stroke Pnt } def /Crs { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M hpt2 vpt2 neg V currentpoint stroke M hpt2 neg 0 R hpt2 vpt2 V stroke } def /TriU { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath stroke Pnt } def /Star { 2 copy Pls Crs } def /BoxF { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V closepath fill } def /TriUF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath fill } def /TriD { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 1.12 mul sub M hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath stroke Pnt } def /TriDF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath fill} def /DiaF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath fill } def /Pent { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy gsave translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat closepath stroke grestore Pnt } def /PentF { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat closepath fill grestore } def /Circle { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy hpt 0 360 arc stroke Pnt } def /CircleF { stroke [] 0 setdash hpt 0 360 arc fill } def /C0 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto vpt 90 450 arc } bind def /C1 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 90 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C2 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 90 180 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C3 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 180 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C4 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 180 270 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C5 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 90 arc 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 180 270 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc } bind def /C6 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 90 270 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C7 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 270 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C8 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C9 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 270 450 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C10 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy 2 copy moveto vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 90 180 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C11 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 180 arc closepath fill 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C12 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 180 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C13 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 90 arc closepath fill 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 180 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C14 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 90 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc } bind def /C15 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 0 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /Rec { newpath 4 2 roll moveto 1 index 0 rlineto 0 exch rlineto neg 0 rlineto closepath } bind def /Square { dup Rec } bind def /Bsquare { vpt sub exch vpt sub exch vpt2 Square } bind def /S0 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 0 vpt rlineto BL Bsquare } bind def /S1 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S2 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S3 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S4 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S5 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy 2 copy vpt Square fill exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S6 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S7 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill 2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S8 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S9 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S10 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S11 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S12 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S13 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill 2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S14 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S15 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy Bsquare fill Bsquare } bind def /D0 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S0 stroke grestore } bind def /D1 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S1 stroke grestore } bind def /D2 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S2 stroke grestore } bind def /D3 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S3 stroke grestore } bind def /D4 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S4 stroke grestore } bind def /D5 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S5 stroke grestore } bind def /D6 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S6 stroke grestore } bind def /D7 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S7 stroke grestore } bind def /D8 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S8 stroke grestore } bind def /D9 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S9 stroke grestore } bind def /D10 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S10 stroke grestore } bind def /D11 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S11 stroke grestore } bind def /D12 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S12 stroke grestore } bind def /D13 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S13 stroke grestore } bind def /D14 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S14 stroke grestore } bind def /D15 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S15 stroke grestore } bind def /DiaE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath stroke } def /BoxE { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V closepath stroke } def /TriUE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath stroke } def /TriDE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath stroke } def /PentE { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat closepath stroke grestore } def /CircE { stroke [] 0 setdash hpt 0 360 arc stroke } def /Opaque { gsave closepath 1 setgray fill grestore 0 setgray closepath } def /DiaW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V Opaque stroke } def /BoxW { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V Opaque stroke } def /TriUW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V Opaque stroke } def /TriDW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V Opaque stroke } def /PentW { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat Opaque stroke grestore } def /CircW { stroke [] 0 setdash hpt 0 360 arc Opaque stroke } def /BoxFill { gsave Rec 1 setgray fill grestore } def end %%EndProlog gnudict begin gsave 50 50 translate 0.050 0.050 scale 0 setgray newpath (TimesRoman) findfont 220 scalefont setfont 1.000 UL LTb 990 660 M 63 0 V 5773 0 R -63 0 V 858 660 M (-40) Rshow 990 1125 M 63 0 V 5773 0 R -63 0 V -5905 0 R (-30) Rshow 990 1590 M 63 0 V 5773 0 R -63 0 V -5905 0 R (-20) Rshow 990 2055 M 63 0 V 5773 0 R -63 0 V -5905 0 R (-10) Rshow 990 2520 M 63 0 V 5773 0 R -63 0 V -5905 0 R (0) Rshow 990 2985 M 63 0 V 5773 0 R -63 0 V -5905 0 R (10) Rshow 990 3450 M 63 0 V 5773 0 R -63 0 V -5905 0 R (20) Rshow 990 3915 M 63 0 V 5773 0 R -63 0 V -5905 0 R (30) Rshow 990 4380 M 63 0 V 5773 0 R -63 0 V -5905 0 R (40) Rshow 990 660 M 0 63 V 0 3657 R 0 -63 V 990 440 M (2) Cshow 1638 660 M 0 63 V 0 3657 R 0 -63 V 0 -3877 R (4) Cshow 2287 660 M 0 63 V 0 3657 R 0 -63 V 0 -3877 R (6) Cshow 2935 660 M 0 63 V 0 3657 R 0 -63 V 0 -3877 R (8) Cshow 3584 660 M 0 63 V 0 3657 R 0 -63 V 0 -3877 R (10) Cshow 4232 660 M 0 63 V 0 3657 R 0 -63 V 0 -3877 R (12) Cshow 4881 660 M 0 63 V 0 3657 R 0 -63 V 0 -3877 R (14) Cshow 5529 660 M 0 63 V 0 3657 R 0 -63 V 0 -3877 R (16) Cshow 6178 660 M 0 63 V 0 3657 R 0 -63 V 0 -3877 R (18) Cshow 6826 660 M 0 63 V 0 3657 R 0 -63 V 0 -3877 R (20) Cshow 1.000 UL LTb 990 660 M 5836 0 V 0 3720 V -5836 0 V 990 660 L 220 2520 M currentpoint gsave translate 90 rotate 0 0 M (Deviation from Mean Runqueue Length) Cshow grestore 3908 110 M (Time) Cshow 3908 4710 M (Chat-IP) Cshow 1.000 UP 1.000 UL LT0 5839 1493 M (RQ:1) Rshow 5971 1493 M 591 0 V 990 2520 M 324 279 V 324 47 V 325 46 V 324 419 V 324 -279 V 324 -419 V 325 419 V 324 93 V 324 372 V 324 93 V 324 325 V 325 -46 V 324 0 V 324 186 V 324 186 V 325 -419 V 324 -837 V 324 -465 V 990 2520 Pls 1314 2799 Pls 1638 2846 Pls 1963 2892 Pls 2287 3311 Pls 2611 3032 Pls 2935 2613 Pls 3260 3032 Pls 3584 3125 Pls 3908 3497 Pls 4232 3590 Pls 4556 3915 Pls 4881 3869 Pls 5205 3869 Pls 5529 4055 Pls 5853 4241 Pls 6178 3822 Pls 6502 2985 Pls 6826 2520 Pls 6266 1493 Pls 1.000 UP 1.000 UL LT1 5839 1273 M (RQ:2) Rshow 5971 1273 M 591 0 V 990 2520 M 324 1256 V 324 139 V 1963 2613 L 324 512 V 324 -47 V 324 186 V 3260 1916 L 324 1023 V 324 -279 V 324 -465 V 324 418 V 325 465 V 324 -744 V 324 47 V 324 -140 V 325 -186 V 324 233 V 324 232 V 990 2520 Crs 1314 3776 Crs 1638 3915 Crs 1963 2613 Crs 2287 3125 Crs 2611 3078 Crs 2935 3264 Crs 3260 1916 Crs 3584 2939 Crs 3908 2660 Crs 4232 2195 Crs 4556 2613 Crs 4881 3078 Crs 5205 2334 Crs 5529 2381 Crs 5853 2241 Crs 6178 2055 Crs 6502 2288 Crs 6826 2520 Crs 6266 1273 Crs 1.000 UP 1.000 UL LT2 5839 1053 M (RQ:3) Rshow 5971 1053 M 591 0 V 990 2520 M 324 -976 V 324 279 V 325 1209 V 2287 1869 L 324 -465 V 324 372 V 325 47 V 324 -558 V 324 -47 V 4103 660 L 566 0 R 212 698 V 324 -93 V 324 697 V 324 93 V 325 140 V 324 325 V 324 0 V 990 2520 Star 1314 1544 Star 1638 1823 Star 1963 3032 Star 2287 1869 Star 2611 1404 Star 2935 1776 Star 3260 1823 Star 3584 1265 Star 3908 1218 Star 4881 1358 Star 5205 1265 Star 5529 1962 Star 5853 2055 Star 6178 2195 Star 6502 2520 Star 6826 2520 Star 6266 1053 Star 1.000 UP 1.000 UL LT3 5839 833 M (RQ:4) Rshow 5971 833 M 591 0 V 990 2520 M 324 -558 V 324 -511 V 325 46 V 324 233 V 324 837 V 324 -186 V 325 930 V 324 -558 V 324 -47 V 324 1256 V 324 -791 V 4881 1776 L 324 791 V 324 -791 V 324 -232 V 325 465 V 324 325 V 324 186 V 990 2520 Box 1314 1962 Box 1638 1451 Box 1963 1497 Box 2287 1730 Box 2611 2567 Box 2935 2381 Box 3260 3311 Box 3584 2753 Box 3908 2706 Box 4232 3962 Box 4556 3171 Box 4881 1776 Box 5205 2567 Box 5529 1776 Box 5853 1544 Box 6178 2009 Box 6502 2334 Box 6826 2520 Box 6266 833 Box stroke grestore end showpage %%Trailer %%DocumentFonts: TimesRoman %%EndDocument @endspecial 2026 2543 a(Figure) f(3:) 47 b(Deviation) 33 b(from) g(mean) f(of) h(runqueue) 2026 2643 y(lengths) 27 b(for) h(a) f(4-w) n(a) n(y) e(SMP) j(executing) f(IP) 2026 2909 y(the) p Ff 28 w(runqueue) p 2526 2909 V 28 w(length) p Fj 25 w(function.) 2109 3109 y(The) 55 b(LB) f(mo) r(dule) g(is) h(in) n (v) n(ok) n(ed) e(p) r(erio) r(dically) 2026 3208 y(through) 48 b(a) g(timer) g(function.) 100 b(The) 49 b(frequency) 2026 3308 y(of) c(in) n(v) n(o) r(cation) e(is) i(con) n(trolled) f(through) g(a) g(user-) 2026 3407 y(sp) r(eci\014ed) j(parameter) e(whic) n(h) h (can) h(b) r(e) f(dynami-) 2026 3507 y(cally) 32 b(altered) f(through) h (a) g(/pro) r(c) f(in) n(terface.) 50 b(Un-) 2026 3607 y(less) 38 b(otherwise) f(noted,) j(the) f(LB) e(is) h(in) n(v) n(ok) n (ed) f(ev-) 2026 3706 y(ery) 23 b(600) f(milliseconds.) 35 b(On) 23 b(eac) n(h) g(in) n(v) n(o) r(cation,) g(LB) 2026 3806 y(\014rst) h(records) f(the) j(load) d(on) i(eac) n(h) f(CPU) g (runqueue.) 2026 3906 y(Once) 45 b(individual) h(runqueue) f(loads) g (ha) n(v) n(e) g(b) r(een) 2026 4005 y(determined,) f(LB) d(computes) g (the) g(a) n(v) n(erage) d(load) 2026 4105 y(across) 25 b(the) j(system.) 37 b(Runqueues) 27 b(are) g(mark) n(ed) f(as) 2026 4204 y(ha) n(ving) h(a) g(\\surplus") f(or) h(\\de\014cit") g(load.) 2109 4404 y(F) -7 b(rom) 27 b(here) g(w) n(e) g(ha) n(v) n(e) f(exp) r (erimen) n(ted) i(with) g(t) n(w) n(o) 2026 4503 y(di\013eren) n(t) 19 b(v) n(ersion) e(of) i(load) f(balancers,) h(called) f(LBC) 2026 4603 y(and) 41 b(LBP) -7 b(.) 40 b(LBC) h(\() p Fe(L) p Fj(oad) p Fe 41 w(B) p Fj(alancing) f(across) f(all) p Fe 2026 4703 a(Cpus) p Fj(\),) 26 b(tries) f(to) g(equalize) g(all) g (runqueues) g(within) 2026 4802 y(the) 36 b(system) f(tigh) n(tly) -7 b(.) 61 b(F) -7 b(or) 35 b(that) h(LBC) f(\014rst) g(p) r(er-) 2026 4902 y(forms) 52 b(in) n(tra-p) r(o) r(ol) g(balancing) f(b) n(y) i (transferring) 2026 5001 y(tasks) 20 b(from) g(surplus) f(to) i (de\014cit) g(runqueues) e(within) 2026 5101 y(eac) n(h) 53 b(p) r(o) r(ol) g(un) n(til) h(runqueue) f(loads) f(are) h(equal) 2026 5201 y(the) 37 b(a) n(v) n(erage.) 60 b(In) 37 b(the) g(second) f (stage,) h(tasks) f(are) 2026 5300 y(transferred) 25 b(b) r(et) n(w) n(een) g(the) i(remaining) e(surplus) g(to) 2026 5400 y(de\014cit) 36 b(runqueues) g(system) f(wide,) j(re\015ecting) d (an) p 90 rotate dyy eop %%Page: 9 9 9 8 bop 277 1176 a @beginspecial 50 @llx 50 @lly 410 @urx 302 @ury 2016 @rwi @setspecial %%BeginDocument: lbefficacy/mkbench/lbv0.rel.ps %!PS-Adobe-2.0 EPSF-2.0 %%Title: lbv0.rel.ps %%Creator: gnuplot 3.7 patchlevel 1 %%CreationDate: Tue Sep 18 07:36:49 2001 %%DocumentFonts: (atend) %%BoundingBox: 50 50 410 302 %%Orientation: Portrait %%EndComments /gnudict 256 dict def gnudict begin /Color false def /Solid false def /gnulinewidth 5.000 def /userlinewidth gnulinewidth def /vshift -73 def /dl {10 mul} def /hpt_ 31.5 def /vpt_ 31.5 def /hpt hpt_ def /vpt vpt_ def /M {moveto} bind def /L {lineto} bind def /R {rmoveto} bind def /V {rlineto} bind def /vpt2 vpt 2 mul def /hpt2 hpt 2 mul def /Lshow { currentpoint stroke M 0 vshift R show } def /Rshow { currentpoint stroke M dup stringwidth pop neg vshift R show } def /Cshow { currentpoint stroke M dup stringwidth pop -2 div vshift R show } def /UP { dup vpt_ mul /vpt exch def hpt_ mul /hpt exch def /hpt2 hpt 2 mul def /vpt2 vpt 2 mul def } def /DL { Color {setrgbcolor Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash } {pop pop pop Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash} ifelse } def /BL { stroke userlinewidth 2 mul setlinewidth } def /AL { stroke userlinewidth 2 div setlinewidth } def /UL { dup gnulinewidth mul /userlinewidth exch def 10 mul /udl exch def } def /PL { stroke userlinewidth setlinewidth } def /LTb { BL [] 0 0 0 DL } def /LTa { AL [1 udl mul 2 udl mul] 0 setdash 0 0 0 setrgbcolor } def /LT0 { PL [] 1 0 0 DL } def /LT1 { PL [4 dl 2 dl] 0 1 0 DL } def /LT2 { PL [2 dl 3 dl] 0 0 1 DL } def /LT3 { PL [1 dl 1.5 dl] 1 0 1 DL } def /LT4 { PL [5 dl 2 dl 1 dl 2 dl] 0 1 1 DL } def /LT5 { PL [4 dl 3 dl 1 dl 3 dl] 1 1 0 DL } def /LT6 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 0 0 0 DL } def /LT7 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 1 0.3 0 DL } def /LT8 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 0.5 0.5 0.5 DL } def /Pnt { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave 1 setlinecap M 0 0 V stroke grestore } def /Dia { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath stroke Pnt } def /Pls { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt sub M 0 vpt2 V currentpoint stroke M hpt neg vpt neg R hpt2 0 V stroke } def /Box { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V closepath stroke Pnt } def /Crs { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M hpt2 vpt2 neg V currentpoint stroke M hpt2 neg 0 R hpt2 vpt2 V stroke } def /TriU { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath stroke Pnt } def /Star { 2 copy Pls Crs } def /BoxF { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V closepath fill } def /TriUF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath fill } def /TriD { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 1.12 mul sub M hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath stroke Pnt } def /TriDF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath fill} def /DiaF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath fill } def /Pent { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy gsave translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat closepath stroke grestore Pnt } def /PentF { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat closepath fill grestore } def /Circle { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy hpt 0 360 arc stroke Pnt } def /CircleF { stroke [] 0 setdash hpt 0 360 arc fill } def /C0 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto vpt 90 450 arc } bind def /C1 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 90 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C2 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 90 180 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C3 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 180 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C4 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 180 270 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C5 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 90 arc 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 180 270 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc } bind def /C6 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 90 270 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C7 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 270 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C8 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C9 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 270 450 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C10 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy 2 copy moveto vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 90 180 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C11 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 180 arc closepath fill 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C12 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 180 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C13 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 90 arc closepath fill 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 180 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C14 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 90 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc } bind def /C15 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 0 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /Rec { newpath 4 2 roll moveto 1 index 0 rlineto 0 exch rlineto neg 0 rlineto closepath } bind def /Square { dup Rec } bind def /Bsquare { vpt sub exch vpt sub exch vpt2 Square } bind def /S0 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 0 vpt rlineto BL Bsquare } bind def /S1 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S2 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S3 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S4 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S5 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy 2 copy vpt Square fill exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S6 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S7 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill 2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S8 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S9 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S10 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S11 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S12 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S13 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill 2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S14 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S15 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy Bsquare fill Bsquare } bind def /D0 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S0 stroke grestore } bind def /D1 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S1 stroke grestore } bind def /D2 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S2 stroke grestore } bind def /D3 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S3 stroke grestore } bind def /D4 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S4 stroke grestore } bind def /D5 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S5 stroke grestore } bind def /D6 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S6 stroke grestore } bind def /D7 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S7 stroke grestore } bind def /D8 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S8 stroke grestore } bind def /D9 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S9 stroke grestore } bind def /D10 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S10 stroke grestore } bind def /D11 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S11 stroke grestore } bind def /D12 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S12 stroke grestore } bind def /D13 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S13 stroke grestore } bind def /D14 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S14 stroke grestore } bind def /D15 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S15 stroke grestore } bind def /DiaE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath stroke } def /BoxE { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V closepath stroke } def /TriUE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath stroke } def /TriDE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath stroke } def /PentE { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat closepath stroke grestore } def /CircE { stroke [] 0 setdash hpt 0 360 arc stroke } def /Opaque { gsave closepath 1 setgray fill grestore 0 setgray closepath } def /DiaW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V Opaque stroke } def /BoxW { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V Opaque stroke } def /TriUW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V Opaque stroke } def /TriDW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V Opaque stroke } def /PentW { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat Opaque stroke grestore } def /CircW { stroke [] 0 setdash hpt 0 360 arc Opaque stroke } def /BoxFill { gsave Rec 1 setgray fill grestore } def end %%EndProlog gnudict begin gsave 50 50 translate 0.050 0.050 scale 0 setgray newpath (TimesRoman) findfont 220 scalefont setfont 1.000 UL LTb 990 660 M 63 0 V 5773 0 R -63 0 V 858 660 M (-10) Rshow 990 1590 M 63 0 V 5773 0 R -63 0 V -5905 0 R (-5) Rshow 990 2520 M 63 0 V 5773 0 R -63 0 V -5905 0 R (0) Rshow 990 3450 M 63 0 V 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2520 BoxF 6242 2520 BoxF 6388 2706 BoxF 6534 2892 BoxF 6680 2706 BoxF 6826 2706 BoxF 6266 833 BoxF stroke grestore end showpage %%Trailer %%DocumentFonts: TimesRoman %%EndDocument @endspecial 277 2360 a @beginspecial 50 @llx 50 @lly 410 @urx 302 @ury 2016 @rwi @setspecial %%BeginDocument: lbefficacy/chat/lbv0.rel.ps %!PS-Adobe-2.0 EPSF-2.0 %%Title: lbv0.rel.ps %%Creator: gnuplot 3.7 patchlevel 1 %%CreationDate: Tue Sep 18 07:36:49 2001 %%DocumentFonts: (atend) %%BoundingBox: 50 50 410 302 %%Orientation: Portrait %%EndComments /gnudict 256 dict def gnudict begin /Color false def /Solid false def /gnulinewidth 5.000 def /userlinewidth gnulinewidth def /vshift -73 def /dl {10 mul} def /hpt_ 31.5 def /vpt_ 31.5 def /hpt hpt_ def /vpt vpt_ def /M {moveto} bind def /L {lineto} bind def /R {rmoveto} bind def /V {rlineto} bind def /vpt2 vpt 2 mul def /hpt2 hpt 2 mul def /Lshow { currentpoint stroke M 0 vshift R show } def /Rshow { currentpoint stroke M dup stringwidth pop neg vshift R show } def /Cshow { currentpoint stroke M dup stringwidth pop -2 div vshift R show } def /UP { dup vpt_ mul /vpt exch def hpt_ mul /hpt exch def /hpt2 hpt 2 mul def /vpt2 vpt 2 mul def } def /DL { Color {setrgbcolor Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash } {pop pop pop Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash} ifelse } def /BL { stroke userlinewidth 2 mul setlinewidth } def /AL { stroke userlinewidth 2 div setlinewidth } def /UL { dup gnulinewidth mul /userlinewidth exch def 10 mul /udl exch def } def /PL { stroke userlinewidth setlinewidth } def /LTb { BL [] 0 0 0 DL } def /LTa { AL [1 udl mul 2 udl mul] 0 setdash 0 0 0 setrgbcolor } def /LT0 { PL [] 1 0 0 DL } def /LT1 { PL [4 dl 2 dl] 0 1 0 DL } def /LT2 { PL [2 dl 3 dl] 0 0 1 DL } def /LT3 { PL [1 dl 1.5 dl] 1 0 1 DL } def /LT4 { PL [5 dl 2 dl 1 dl 2 dl] 0 1 1 DL } def /LT5 { PL [4 dl 3 dl 1 dl 3 dl] 1 1 0 DL } def /LT6 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 0 0 0 DL } def /LT7 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 1 0.3 0 DL } def /LT8 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 0.5 0.5 0.5 DL } def /Pnt { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave 1 setlinecap M 0 0 V stroke grestore } def /Dia { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath stroke Pnt } def /Pls { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt sub M 0 vpt2 V currentpoint stroke M hpt neg vpt neg R hpt2 0 V stroke } def /Box { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V closepath stroke Pnt } def /Crs { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M hpt2 vpt2 neg V currentpoint stroke M hpt2 neg 0 R hpt2 vpt2 V stroke } def /TriU { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath stroke Pnt } def /Star { 2 copy Pls Crs } def /BoxF { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V closepath fill } def /TriUF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath fill } def /TriD { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 1.12 mul sub M hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath stroke Pnt } def /TriDF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath fill} def /DiaF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath fill } def /Pent { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy gsave translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat closepath stroke grestore Pnt } def /PentF { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat closepath fill grestore } def /Circle { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy hpt 0 360 arc stroke Pnt } def /CircleF { stroke [] 0 setdash hpt 0 360 arc fill } def /C0 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto vpt 90 450 arc } bind def /C1 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 90 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C2 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 90 180 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C3 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 180 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C4 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 180 270 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C5 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 90 arc 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 180 270 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc } bind def /C6 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 90 270 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C7 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 270 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C8 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C9 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 270 450 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C10 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy 2 copy moveto vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 90 180 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C11 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 180 arc closepath fill 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C12 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 180 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C13 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 90 arc closepath fill 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 180 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C14 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 90 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc } bind def /C15 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 0 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /Rec { newpath 4 2 roll moveto 1 index 0 rlineto 0 exch rlineto neg 0 rlineto closepath } bind def /Square { dup Rec } bind def /Bsquare { vpt sub exch vpt sub exch vpt2 Square } bind def /S0 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 0 vpt rlineto BL Bsquare } bind def /S1 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S2 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S3 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S4 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S5 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy 2 copy vpt Square fill exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S6 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S7 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill 2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S8 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S9 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S10 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S11 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S12 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S13 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill 2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S14 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S15 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy Bsquare fill Bsquare } bind def /D0 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S0 stroke grestore } bind def /D1 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S1 stroke grestore } bind def /D2 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S2 stroke grestore } bind def /D3 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S3 stroke grestore } bind def /D4 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S4 stroke grestore } bind def /D5 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S5 stroke grestore } bind def /D6 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S6 stroke grestore } bind def /D7 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S7 stroke grestore } bind def /D8 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S8 stroke grestore } bind def /D9 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S9 stroke grestore } bind def /D10 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S10 stroke grestore } bind def /D11 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S11 stroke grestore } bind def /D12 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S12 stroke grestore } bind def /D13 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S13 stroke grestore } bind def /D14 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S14 stroke grestore } bind def /D15 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S15 stroke grestore } bind def /DiaE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath stroke } def /BoxE { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V closepath stroke } def /TriUE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath stroke } def /TriDE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath stroke } def /PentE { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat closepath stroke grestore } def /CircE { stroke [] 0 setdash hpt 0 360 arc stroke } def /Opaque { gsave closepath 1 setgray fill grestore 0 setgray closepath } def /DiaW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V Opaque stroke } def /BoxW { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V Opaque stroke } def /TriUW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V Opaque stroke } def /TriDW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V Opaque stroke } def /PentW { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat Opaque stroke grestore } def /CircW { stroke [] 0 setdash hpt 0 360 arc Opaque stroke } def /BoxFill { gsave Rec 1 setgray fill grestore } def end %%EndProlog gnudict begin gsave 50 50 translate 0.050 0.050 scale 0 setgray newpath (TimesRoman) findfont 220 scalefont setfont 1.000 UL LTb 990 660 M 63 0 V 5773 0 R -63 0 V 858 660 M (-40) Rshow 990 1125 M 63 0 V 5773 0 R -63 0 V -5905 0 R (-30) Rshow 990 1590 M 63 0 V 5773 0 R -63 0 V -5905 0 R (-20) Rshow 990 2055 M 63 0 V 5773 0 R -63 0 V -5905 0 R (-10) Rshow 990 2520 M 63 0 V 5773 0 R -63 0 V -5905 0 R (0) Rshow 990 2985 M 63 0 V 5773 0 R -63 0 V -5905 0 R (10) Rshow 990 3450 M 63 0 V 5773 0 R -63 0 V -5905 0 R (20) Rshow 990 3915 M 63 0 V 5773 0 R -63 0 V -5905 0 R (30) Rshow 990 4380 M 63 0 V 5773 0 R -63 0 V -5905 0 R (40) Rshow 990 660 M 0 63 V 0 3657 R 0 -63 V 990 440 M (2) Cshow 1638 660 M 0 63 V 0 3657 R 0 -63 V 0 -3877 R (4) Cshow 2287 660 M 0 63 V 0 3657 R 0 -63 V 0 -3877 R (6) Cshow 2935 660 M 0 63 V 0 3657 R 0 -63 V 0 -3877 R (8) Cshow 3584 660 M 0 63 V 0 3657 R 0 -63 V 0 -3877 R (10) Cshow 4232 660 M 0 63 V 0 3657 R 0 -63 V 0 -3877 R (12) Cshow 4881 660 M 0 63 V 0 3657 R 0 -63 V 0 -3877 R (14) Cshow 5529 660 M 0 63 V 0 3657 R 0 -63 V 0 -3877 R (16) Cshow 6178 660 M 0 63 V 0 3657 R 0 -63 V 0 -3877 R (18) Cshow 6826 660 M 0 63 V 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BoxF 6826 2520 BoxF 6266 833 BoxF stroke grestore end showpage %%Trailer %%DocumentFonts: TimesRoman %%EndDocument @endspecial Fj 249 2543 a(Figure) 32 b(4:) 48 b(Deviation) 32 b(from) h(mean) g(of) f(runqueue) 249 2643 y(lengths) 27 b(for) h(a) f(4-w) n(a) n(y) e(SMP) j(executing) f(LBC) 249 2909 y(in) n(ter-p) r(o) r(ol) h(balancing.) 39 b(In) 29 b(the) g(follo) n(wing) e(\014gures) 249 3009 y(w) n(e) e(also) g(plot) h(the) g(total) g(n) n(um) n(b) r(er) f(of) h(tasks) f(mo) n(v) n(ed) 249 3109 y(during) 34 b(the) h(LB) f(phase) g(to) h(indicate) f(the) h (correc-) 249 3208 y(tiv) n(e) 41 b(actions) f(tak) n(en) g(b) n(y) h (the) g(LB) g(after) f(the) i(ob-) 249 3308 y(serv) n(ed) d(state.) 74 b(Figure) 40 b(4) f(sho) n(ws) g(that) i(for) e(Mk-) 249 3407 y(b) r(enc) n(h,) 57 b(LBC) 51 b(con) n(trols) e(the) i(runqueue) g (length) 249 3507 y(v) n(ery) 24 b(tigh) n(tly) g(and) h(needs) f(to) h (t) n(ypically) f(mo) n(v) n(e) g(only) 249 3607 y(one) 38 b(or) g(t) n(w) n(o) g(tasks.) 70 b(F) -7 b(or) 38 b(Chat,) j(ho) n(w) n (ev) n(er,) f(Fig-) 249 3706 y(ure) 35 b(4) h(sho) n(ws) e(that) i (LBC's) g(tigh) n(t) g(balancing) e(act) 249 3806 y(leads) g(to) f(o) n (v) n(er) g(correction) f(as) h(is) h(clearly) f(seen) h(in) 249 3906 y(states) f(t=5,13,14.) 50 b(The) 33 b(statistics) g(are) f (summa-) 249 4005 y(rized) 18 b(in) h(T) -7 b(able) 19 b(1.) 33 b(F) -7 b(or) 18 b(LBC) g(an) h(a) n(v) n(erage) d(of) i (11.5\045) 249 4105 y(of) 28 b(tasks) f(are) g(mo) n(v) n(ed) g(ev) n (ery) f(LB) i(in) n(v) n(o) r(cation) f(with) 249 4204 y(a) g(maxim) n(um) h(of) f(23.1\045.) 332 4404 y(W) -7 b(e,) 86 b(therefore,) e(dev) n(elop) r(ed) 73 b(LBP) g(\() p Fe(L) p Fj(oad) p Fe 249 4503 a(B) p Fj(alancing) c(across) e(all) p Fe 70 w(P) p Fj(o) r(ols\),) 80 b(whic) n(h) 70 b(dif-) 249 4603 y(fers) 51 b(from) g(LBC) h(in) f(t) n(w) n(o) g(asp) r(ects.) 108 b(First,) 58 b(it) 249 4703 y(do) r(es) 45 b(not) h(p) r(erform) f(an) n (y) g(in) n(tra-p) r(o) r(ol) f(balancing) 249 4802 y(on) 58 b(the) g(assumption) g(that) p Ff 58 w(schedule\(\)) p Fj 54 w(and) p Ff 249 4902 a(reschedule) p 694 4902 27 4 v 27 w(idle\(\)) p Fj 42 w(do) 44 b(a) g(go) r(o) r(d) g(enough) g (job) 249 5001 y(of) 33 b(load) f(balancing) h(within) g(a) g(p) r(o) r (ol) g(as) f(sho) n(wn) h(in) 249 5101 y(Figure) g(1.) 55 b(Second,) 35 b(it) g(de\014nes) e(a) h(user-sp) r(eci\014ed) 249 5201 y(error) 39 b(tolerance) g(factor) h(to) g(a) n(v) n(oid) f(o) n (v) n(er) g(aggres-) 249 5300 y(siv) n(e) 22 b(corrections) e(leading) i (to) g(the) h(oscillation) e(seen) 249 5400 y(in) 37 b(Figure) g(4.) 65 b(A) 38 b(runqueue) e(is) i(considered) e(bal-) 2054 1176 y @beginspecial 50 @llx 50 @lly 410 @urx 302 @ury 2016 @rwi @setspecial %%BeginDocument: lbefficacy/mkbench/lbv2.rel.ps %!PS-Adobe-2.0 EPSF-2.0 %%Title: lbv2.rel.ps %%Creator: gnuplot 3.7 patchlevel 1 %%CreationDate: Tue Sep 18 07:36:49 2001 %%DocumentFonts: (atend) %%BoundingBox: 50 50 410 302 %%Orientation: Portrait %%EndComments /gnudict 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@lly 410 @urx 302 @ury 2016 @rwi @setspecial %%BeginDocument: lbefficacy/chat/lbv2.rel.ps %!PS-Adobe-2.0 EPSF-2.0 %%Title: lbv2.rel.ps %%Creator: gnuplot 3.7 patchlevel 1 %%CreationDate: Tue Sep 18 07:36:49 2001 %%DocumentFonts: (atend) %%BoundingBox: 50 50 410 302 %%Orientation: Portrait %%EndComments /gnudict 256 dict def gnudict begin /Color false def /Solid false def /gnulinewidth 5.000 def /userlinewidth gnulinewidth def /vshift -73 def /dl {10 mul} def /hpt_ 31.5 def /vpt_ 31.5 def /hpt hpt_ def /vpt vpt_ def /M {moveto} bind def /L {lineto} bind def /R {rmoveto} bind def /V {rlineto} bind def /vpt2 vpt 2 mul def /hpt2 hpt 2 mul def /Lshow { currentpoint stroke M 0 vshift R show } def /Rshow { currentpoint stroke M dup stringwidth pop neg vshift R show } def /Cshow { currentpoint stroke M dup stringwidth pop -2 div vshift R show } def /UP { dup vpt_ mul /vpt exch def hpt_ mul /hpt exch def /hpt2 hpt 2 mul def /vpt2 vpt 2 mul def } def /DL { Color {setrgbcolor Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash } {pop pop pop Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash} ifelse } def /BL { stroke userlinewidth 2 mul setlinewidth } def /AL { stroke userlinewidth 2 div setlinewidth } def /UL { dup gnulinewidth mul /userlinewidth exch def 10 mul /udl exch def } def /PL { stroke userlinewidth setlinewidth } def /LTb { BL [] 0 0 0 DL } def /LTa { AL [1 udl mul 2 udl mul] 0 setdash 0 0 0 setrgbcolor } def /LT0 { PL [] 1 0 0 DL } def /LT1 { PL [4 dl 2 dl] 0 1 0 DL } def /LT2 { PL [2 dl 3 dl] 0 0 1 DL } def /LT3 { PL [1 dl 1.5 dl] 1 0 1 DL } def /LT4 { PL [5 dl 2 dl 1 dl 2 dl] 0 1 1 DL } def /LT5 { PL [4 dl 3 dl 1 dl 3 dl] 1 1 0 DL } def /LT6 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 0 0 0 DL } def /LT7 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 1 0.3 0 DL } def /LT8 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 0.5 0.5 0.5 DL } def /Pnt { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave 1 setlinecap M 0 0 V stroke grestore } def /Dia { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath stroke Pnt } def /Pls { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt sub M 0 vpt2 V currentpoint stroke M hpt neg vpt neg R hpt2 0 V stroke } def /Box { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V closepath stroke Pnt } def /Crs { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M hpt2 vpt2 neg V currentpoint stroke M hpt2 neg 0 R hpt2 vpt2 V stroke } def /TriU { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath stroke Pnt } def /Star { 2 copy Pls Crs } def /BoxF { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V closepath fill } def /TriUF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath fill } def /TriD { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 1.12 mul sub M hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath stroke Pnt } def /TriDF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M hpt neg vpt 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vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C5 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 90 arc 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 180 270 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc } bind def /C6 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 90 270 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C7 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 270 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C8 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C9 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 270 450 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C10 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy 2 copy moveto vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 90 180 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C11 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 180 arc closepath fill 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C12 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 180 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C13 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 90 arc closepath fill 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 180 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C14 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 90 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc } bind def /C15 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 0 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /Rec { newpath 4 2 roll moveto 1 index 0 rlineto 0 exch rlineto neg 0 rlineto closepath } bind def /Square { dup Rec } bind def /Bsquare { vpt sub exch vpt sub exch vpt2 Square } bind def /S0 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 0 vpt rlineto BL Bsquare } bind def /S1 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S2 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S3 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S4 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S5 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy 2 copy vpt Square fill exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S6 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S7 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill 2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S8 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S9 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S10 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S11 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S12 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S13 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill 2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S14 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S15 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy Bsquare fill Bsquare } bind def /D0 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S0 stroke grestore } bind def /D1 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S1 stroke grestore } bind def /D2 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S2 stroke grestore } bind def /D3 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S3 stroke grestore } bind def /D4 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S4 stroke grestore } bind def /D5 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S5 stroke grestore } bind def /D6 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S6 stroke grestore } bind def /D7 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S7 stroke grestore } bind def /D8 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S8 stroke grestore } bind def /D9 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S9 stroke grestore } bind def /D10 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S10 stroke grestore } bind def /D11 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S11 stroke grestore } bind def /D12 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S12 stroke grestore } bind def /D13 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S13 stroke grestore } bind def /D14 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S14 stroke grestore } bind def /D15 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S15 stroke grestore } bind def /DiaE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath stroke } def /BoxE { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V closepath stroke } def /TriUE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath stroke } def /TriDE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath stroke } def /PentE { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat closepath stroke grestore } def /CircE { stroke [] 0 setdash hpt 0 360 arc stroke } def /Opaque { gsave closepath 1 setgray fill grestore 0 setgray closepath } def /DiaW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V Opaque stroke } def /BoxW { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V Opaque stroke } def /TriUW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V Opaque stroke } def /TriDW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V Opaque stroke } def /PentW { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat Opaque stroke grestore } def /CircW { stroke [] 0 setdash hpt 0 360 arc Opaque stroke } def /BoxFill { gsave Rec 1 setgray fill grestore } def end %%EndProlog gnudict begin gsave 50 50 translate 0.050 0.050 scale 0 setgray newpath (TimesRoman) findfont 220 scalefont setfont 1.000 UL LTb 990 660 M 63 0 V 5773 0 R -63 0 V 858 660 M (-40) Rshow 990 1125 M 63 0 V 5773 0 R -63 0 V -5905 0 R (-30) Rshow 990 1590 M 63 0 V 5773 0 R -63 0 V -5905 0 R (-20) Rshow 990 2055 M 63 0 V 5773 0 R -63 0 V -5905 0 R (-10) Rshow 990 2520 M 63 0 V 5773 0 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y(plus) h(queues) g(are) f(transferred) f(to) i(de\014cit) g(queues) 2026 3208 y(only) g(if) h(they) g(are) f(in) h(distinct) g(p) r(o) r (ols.) 51 b(The) 33 b(error) 2026 3308 y(tolerance) 38 b(factor) g(is) h(dynamically) g(con\014gurable) 2026 3407 y(through) 18 b(the) i(/pro) r(c) e(in) n(terface.) 33 b(Since) 19 b(p) r(o) r(olsize=1) 2026 3507 y(w) n(as) k(selected) i (for) e(this) i(ev) -5 b(aluation,) 24 b(the) h(follo) n(wing) 2026 3607 y(\014gures) k(simply) i(demonstrate) f(the) h(e\013ects) f(of) h (the) 2026 3706 y(error) 26 b(tolerance.) 2109 3906 y(Figure) j(5) h (sho) n(ws) e(the) i(pro\014le) f(for) h(LBP-10,) e(i.e.) 2026 4005 y(LBP) 39 b(with) h(a) g(error) e(tolerance) g(of) i(10\045.) 73 b(Com-) 2026 4105 y(bined) 36 b(with) g(the) g(statistics) g(in) g(T) -7 b(able) 35 b(1,) i(w) n(e) f(ob-) 2026 4204 y(serv) n(e) 19 b(that) j(a) n(v) n(erage) 17 b(n) n(um) n(b) r(er) k(of) g(tasks) f (mo) n(v) n(ed) g(has) 2026 4304 y(b) r(een) 36 b(reduced) g(to) f (5.6\045.) 61 b(The) 36 b(com) n(bined) f(a) n(v) n(er-) 2026 4404 y(age) 20 b(runqueue) i(length) f(is) h(179,) f(whic) n(h) g (amoun) n(ts) g(to) 2026 4503 y(45) 26 b(p) r(er) g(CPU.) h(Only) f(if) h(the) g(individual) f(runqueue) 2026 4603 y(length) 20 b(di\013ers) f(more) g(than) g(5) g(from) g(the) h(mean) f(do) r(es) 2026 4703 y(LBP-10) j(try) i(to) g(balance) g(that) g(queue.) 36 b(The) 24 b(oscil-) 2026 4802 y(lations) 29 b(observ) n(ed) f(under) i (LBC) f(are) g(signi\014can) n(tly) 2026 4902 y(reduced.) 2109 5101 y(Figure) g(6) h(sho) n(ws) e(the) i(pro\014le) f(for) h(LBP-45,) e (i.e.) 2026 5201 y(LBP) 39 b(with) h(a) g(error) e(tolerance) g(of) i (45\045.) 73 b(Com-) 2026 5300 y(bined) 36 b(with) g(the) g(statistics) g(in) g(T) -7 b(able) 35 b(1,) i(w) n(e) f(ob-) 2026 5400 y(serv) n(e) 19 b(that) j(a) n(v) n(erage) 17 b(n) n(um) n(b) r (er) k(of) g(tasks) f(mo) n(v) n(ed) g(has) p 90 rotate dyy eop %%Page: 10 10 10 9 bop 276 3 3351 4 v 274 103 4 100 v 1640 103 V 1657 103 V Fj 1922 73 a(LBC) p 2354 103 V 452 w(LBP-10) p 3010 103 V 355 w(LBP-45) p 3625 103 V 276 106 3351 4 v 274 206 4 100 v 326 176 a(\006) 27 b(Runqueue) h(Lengths:) 37 b(mean) 27 b(\(max\)) p 1640 206 V 1657 206 V 209 w(150) 190 b(\(244\)) p 2354 206 V 150 w(179) g(\(308\)) p 3010 206 V 149 w(178) 149 b(\(347\)) p 3625 206 V 276 209 3351 4 v 274 309 4 100 v 620 279 a(Mo) n(v) n(ed) 27 b(T) -7 b(asks:) 36 b(mean) 27 b(\(max\)) p 1640 309 V 1657 309 V 250 w(17) 233 b(\(34\)) p 2354 309 V 191 w(10) f(\(31\)) p 3010 309 V 233 w(2) 192 b(\(15\)) p 3625 309 V 276 312 3351 4 v 274 412 4 100 v 523 382 a(\045) 28 b(Mo) n(v) n(ed) f(T) -7 b(asks:) 36 b(mean) 27 b(\(max\)) p 1640 412 V 1657 412 V 116 w(11.5\045) 99 b(\(23.1\045\)) p 2354 412 V 99 w(5.6\045) g(\(24.4\045\)) p 3010 412 V 99 w(0.9\045) g(\(5.5\045\)) p 3625 412 V 276 415 3351 4 v 564 564 a(T) -7 b(able) 28 b(1:) 36 b(\006) 28 b(Runqueue) g (Lengths) f(and) g(T) -7 b(asks) 27 b(Mo) n(v) n(ed) f(Statistics) i (for) f(a) g(4-w) n(a) n(y) f(SMP) -7 b(.) 277 1922 y @beginspecial 50 @llx 50 @lly 410 @urx 302 @ury 2016 @rwi @setspecial %%BeginDocument: lbefficacy/mkbench/nlbv2.rel.ps %!PS-Adobe-2.0 EPSF-2.0 %%Title: nlbv2.rel.ps %%Creator: gnuplot 3.7 patchlevel 1 %%CreationDate: Tue Sep 18 07:36:49 2001 %%DocumentFonts: (atend) %%BoundingBox: 50 50 410 302 %%Orientation: Portrait %%EndComments /gnudict 256 dict def gnudict begin /Color false def /Solid false def /gnulinewidth 5.000 def /userlinewidth gnulinewidth def /vshift -73 def /dl {10 mul} def /hpt_ 31.5 def /vpt_ 31.5 def /hpt hpt_ def /vpt vpt_ def /M {moveto} bind def /L {lineto} bind def /R {rmoveto} bind def /V {rlineto} bind def /vpt2 vpt 2 mul def /hpt2 hpt 2 mul def /Lshow { currentpoint stroke M 0 vshift R show } def /Rshow { currentpoint stroke M dup stringwidth pop neg vshift R show } def /Cshow { currentpoint stroke M dup stringwidth pop -2 div vshift R show } def /UP { dup vpt_ mul /vpt exch def hpt_ mul /hpt exch def /hpt2 hpt 2 mul def /vpt2 vpt 2 mul def } def /DL { Color {setrgbcolor Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash } {pop pop pop Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash} ifelse } def /BL { stroke userlinewidth 2 mul setlinewidth } def /AL { stroke userlinewidth 2 div setlinewidth } def /UL { dup gnulinewidth mul /userlinewidth exch def 10 mul /udl exch def } def /PL { stroke userlinewidth setlinewidth } def /LTb { BL [] 0 0 0 DL } def /LTa { AL [1 udl mul 2 udl mul] 0 setdash 0 0 0 setrgbcolor } def /LT0 { PL [] 1 0 0 DL } def /LT1 { PL [4 dl 2 dl] 0 1 0 DL } def /LT2 { PL [2 dl 3 dl] 0 0 1 DL } def /LT3 { PL [1 dl 1.5 dl] 1 0 1 DL } def /LT4 { PL [5 dl 2 dl 1 dl 2 dl] 0 1 1 DL } def /LT5 { PL [4 dl 3 dl 1 dl 3 dl] 1 1 0 DL } def /LT6 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 0 0 0 DL } def /LT7 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 1 0.3 0 DL } def /LT8 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 0.5 0.5 0.5 DL } def /Pnt { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave 1 setlinecap M 0 0 V stroke grestore } def /Dia { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V 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neg vshift R show } def /Cshow { currentpoint stroke M dup stringwidth pop -2 div vshift R show } def /UP { dup vpt_ mul /vpt exch def hpt_ mul /hpt exch def /hpt2 hpt 2 mul def /vpt2 vpt 2 mul def } def /DL { Color {setrgbcolor Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash } {pop pop pop Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash} ifelse } def /BL { stroke userlinewidth 2 mul setlinewidth } def /AL { stroke userlinewidth 2 div setlinewidth } def /UL { dup gnulinewidth mul /userlinewidth exch def 10 mul /udl exch def } def /PL { stroke userlinewidth setlinewidth } def /LTb { BL [] 0 0 0 DL } def /LTa { AL [1 udl mul 2 udl mul] 0 setdash 0 0 0 setrgbcolor } def /LT0 { PL [] 1 0 0 DL } def /LT1 { PL [4 dl 2 dl] 0 1 0 DL } def /LT2 { PL [2 dl 3 dl] 0 0 1 DL } def /LT3 { PL [1 dl 1.5 dl] 1 0 1 DL } def /LT4 { PL [5 dl 2 dl 1 dl 2 dl] 0 1 1 DL } def /LT5 { PL [4 dl 3 dl 1 dl 3 dl] 1 1 0 DL } def /LT6 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 0 0 0 DL } def /LT7 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 1 0.3 0 DL } def /LT8 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 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closepath } bind def /C11 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 180 arc closepath fill 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C12 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 180 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C13 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 90 arc closepath fill 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 180 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C14 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 90 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc } bind def /C15 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 0 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /Rec { newpath 4 2 roll moveto 1 index 0 rlineto 0 exch rlineto neg 0 rlineto closepath } bind def /Square { dup Rec } bind def /Bsquare { vpt sub exch vpt sub exch vpt2 Square } bind def /S0 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 0 vpt rlineto BL Bsquare } bind def /S1 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S2 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S3 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S4 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S5 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy 2 copy vpt Square fill exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S6 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S7 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill 2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S8 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S9 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S10 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S11 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S12 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S13 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill 2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S14 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S15 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy Bsquare fill Bsquare } bind def /D0 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S0 stroke grestore } bind def /D1 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S1 stroke grestore } bind def /D2 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S2 stroke grestore } bind def /D3 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S3 stroke grestore } bind def /D4 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S4 stroke grestore } bind def /D5 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S5 stroke grestore } bind def /D6 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S6 stroke grestore } bind def /D7 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S7 stroke grestore } bind def /D8 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S8 stroke grestore } bind def /D9 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S9 stroke grestore } bind def /D10 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S10 stroke grestore } bind def /D11 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S11 stroke grestore } bind def /D12 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S12 stroke grestore } bind def /D13 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S13 stroke grestore } bind def /D14 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S14 stroke grestore } bind def /D15 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S15 stroke grestore } bind def /DiaE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath stroke } def /BoxE { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V closepath stroke } def /TriUE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath stroke } def /TriDE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath stroke } def /PentE { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat closepath stroke grestore } def /CircE { stroke [] 0 setdash hpt 0 360 arc stroke } def /Opaque { gsave closepath 1 setgray fill grestore 0 setgray closepath } def /DiaW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V Opaque stroke } def /BoxW { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V Opaque stroke } def /TriUW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V Opaque stroke } def /TriDW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V Opaque stroke } def /PentW { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat Opaque stroke grestore } def /CircW { stroke [] 0 setdash hpt 0 360 arc Opaque stroke } def /BoxFill { gsave Rec 1 setgray fill grestore } def end %%EndProlog gnudict begin gsave 50 50 translate 0.050 0.050 scale 0 setgray newpath (TimesRoman) findfont 220 scalefont setfont 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2435 V 140 w(4.19) p 1428 2435 V 140 w(3.91) p 1717 2435 V 407 2438 1312 4 v 405 2538 4 100 v 457 2508 a(LBP-10) p 848 2538 V 865 2538 V 206 w(2.09) p 1139 2538 V 140 w(3.55) p 1428 2538 V 140 w(2.22) p 1717 2538 V 407 2541 1312 4 v 405 2641 4 100 v 457 2611 a(LBC) p 848 2641 V 865 2641 V 315 w(5.89) p 1139 2641 V 140 w(8.03) p 1428 2641 V 140 w(7.44) p 1717 2641 V 407 2644 1312 4 v 249 2798 a(T) -7 b(able) 25 b(2:) 35 b(PMQS) 25 b(\(p) r(o) r(olsize=4\)) f(as) h(compared) f(to) 249 2897 y(MQS,DSS) 41 b(for) e(Mkb) r(enc) n(h) h(con\014gurations) f (with) 249 2997 y(v) -5 b(arying) 21 b(n) n(um) n(b) r(er) h(\(B\)) g (of) g(k) n(ernel) f(builds) h(on) g(a) g(4x4-) 249 3096 y(w) n(a) n(y) k(NUMA) j(system.) 332 3308 y(T) -7 b(able) 37 b(2) g(sho) n(ws) f(the) i(results) f(for) f(p) r(o) r(olsize=4,) 249 3407 y(the) 48 b(job) f(size) g(of) g(16) g(and) g(LB) g(in) n(v) n(o) r (cation) f(fre-) 249 3507 y(quency) 24 b(of) g(600) f(milliseconds) h (for) f(2,) i(4) e(and) h(8) g(par-) 249 3607 y(allel) 35 b(k) n(ernel) f(builds) i(\(B=2,4,8\).) 58 b(In) 35 b(this) h(setup,) 249 3706 y(B) 51 b(resp) r(onds) e(to) i(the) g(p) r(er) f(CPU) h(load) f(and) g(to) 249 3806 y(an) 39 b(a) n(v) n(erage) c(system) k(wide) g (load) f(of) h(32,) h(64) e(and) 249 3906 y(128) h(runnable) h(tasks) f (resp) r(ectiv) n(ely) -7 b(.) 74 b(First,) 44 b(T) -7 b(a-) 249 4005 y(ble) 43 b(2) g(sho) n(ws) f(that) i(the) f(DSS) h(sc) n (heduler) e(under) 249 4105 y(p) r(erforms) 26 b(the) g(MQS) h(sc) n (heduler) e(consisten) n(tly) h(b) r(e-) 249 4204 y(t) n(w) n(een) 40 b(3.25\045) e(and) i(3.93\045) f(for) g(B=2,4,8.) 72 b(This) 249 4304 y(corresp) r(onds) 38 b(to) i(the) h(results) e (published) i(earlier) 249 4404 y(in) i([5) o(].) 81 b(Ov) n(erall) 40 b(PMQS) i(consisten) n(tly) g(outp) r(er-) 249 4503 y(forms) d(MQS) g(across) e(all) i(considered) f(loads) g(and) 249 4603 y(con\014gurations.) 332 4802 y(In) 44 b(general,) j(LBOFF) d(p) r (erforms) f(b) r(est.) 87 b(The) 249 4902 y(reason) 34 b(for) i(this) g(is) g(that) g(parallel) f(k) n(ernel) g(builds) 249 5001 y(are) 21 b(throughput) g(orien) n(ted) g(parallel) g (applications.) 249 5101 y(Kernel) 32 b(compiles) g(create) g(a) g(dep) r(endency) h(graph,) 249 5201 y(and) 21 b(up) r(on) g(\014nishing) f (the) i(compilation) e(of) g(an) h(indi-) 249 5300 y(vidual) g(\014le,) h(the) g(next) f(one) f(is) h(started.) 34 b(Hence,) 23 b(the) 249 5400 y(rate) 31 b(of) g(progress) f(for) h(individual) g (compiles) g(do) r(es) 2026 83 y(not) 20 b(hinder) h(o) n(v) n(erall) d (completion) i(time.) 35 b(MQS) 20 b(and) 2026 183 y(DSS) 25 b(b) r(oth) h(are) d(sc) n(hedulers) h(that) h(tak) n(e) f(global) g (pri-) 2026 282 y(orities) 41 b(in) n(to) h(accoun) n(t) f(and) g (hence) h(tend) g(to) g(mi-) 2026 382 y(grate) 24 b(tasks) h(to) g (ensure) g(the) h(b) r(est) f(global) g(sc) n(hedul-) 2026 482 y(ing) 44 b(decisions.) 87 b(On) 45 b(NUMA) g(mac) n(hines) f (cross-) 2026 581 y(ing) e(no) r(de) h(b) r(oundaries) f(increases) f (the) i(negativ) n(e) 2026 681 y(cac) n(he) 31 b(e\013ects.) 50 b(Among) 32 b(the) h(dynamic) e(load) h(bal-) 2026 780 y(ancers,) 41 b(LBC,) f(the) g(most) f(aggressiv) n(e) e(load) i(bal-) 2026 880 y(ancer,) 29 b(p) r(erforms) g(b) r(etter) h(than) g(the) g (LBP-45) d(and) 2026 980 y(LBP-10.) 34 b(This) 26 b(seems) g(somewhat) g (surprising,) f(as) 2026 1079 y(one) 41 b(migh) n(t) g(exp) r(ect) g (that) h(tigh) n(ter) f(load) f(balanc-) 2026 1179 y(ing) 19 b(of) g(a) g(parallel,) h(mostly) f(indep) r(enden) n(t) h(through-) 2026 1279 y(put) 32 b(orien) n(ted) f(application) f(creates) h (unnecessary) 2026 1378 y(o) n(v) n(erhead.) 75 b(W) -7 b(e) 41 b(b) r(eliev) n(e) g(that) g(this) h(can) e(b) r(e) h(at-) 2026 1478 y(tributed) j(to) g(the) h(fact) f(that) g(LBC) g(creates) f(less) 2026 1577 y(o) n(v) n(erhead) 25 b(than) j(LBP) f(for) g(p) r(o) r (olsize=1.) 2109 1777 y(T) -7 b(o) 31 b(study) g(the) g(e\013ect) h(of) f(o) n(v) n(erhead) d(asso) r(ciated) 2026 1876 y(with) g(load) f (balancing) f(w) n(e) h(v) -5 b(aried) 27 b(the) g(in) n(v) n(o) r (cation) 2026 1976 y(frequency) 34 b(for) g(LBC) g(from) g(200) f (milliseconds) h(to) 2026 2076 y(2) 26 b(seconds) g(for) h(p) r(o) r (olsize=4) e(and) h(4) h(k) n(ernel) f(builds.) 2026 2175 y(The) i(results,) f(sho) n(wn) f(in) i(T) -7 b(able) 27 b(3,) g(sho) n(w) g(the) h(gen-) 2026 2275 y(eral) 35 b(trend) h(that) g(less) g(frequen) n(t) g(LB) f(in) n(v) n(o) r (cation,) 2026 2374 y(th) n(us) 41 b(lo) n(w) n(ering) f(the) h(o) n(v) n(erhead) f(asso) r(ciated) g(with) 2026 2474 y(LB,) 27 b(in) h(general) f(increases) f(p) r(erformance.) 2109 2673 y(Ov) n(erall,) 49 b(PMQS) c(had) h(a) f(maxim) n(um) h(p) r (erfor-) 2026 2773 y(mance) j(adv) -5 b(an) n(tage) 48 b(of) i(23.28\045) e(for) h(high) h(load) 2026 2873 y(\(B=8\)) 36 b(and) f(LBOFF) h(and) g(a) f(minim) n(um) i(p) r(erfor-) 2026 2972 y(mance) 28 b(increase) g(b) n(y) g(2.01\045) g(for) g(lo) n(w) g (load) h(\(B=2\)) 2026 3072 y(and) e(LBP-45) f(when) i(compared) e(to) i (MQS.) 2109 3271 y(Analyzing) 52 b(the) h(impact) g(of) f(increased) g (load) 2026 3371 y(\(B=2,4,8\),) 34 b(it) h(is) f(sho) n(wn) f(that) h (for) g(non-p) r(erio) r(dic) 2026 3470 y(load) 55 b(balancers) f (\(LBOFF) h(and) h(IP\),) f(the) h(\045-) 2026 3570 y(impro) n(v) n (emen) n(t) 43 b(o) n(v) n(er) g(MQS) i(increases) e(with) i(the) 2026 3670 y(load.) 35 b(This) 24 b(is) g(again) f(explained) h(b) n(y) g (the) g(fact) h(that) 2026 3769 y(MQS) 44 b(tends) g(to) g(mak) n(e) g (global) e(decisions,) 48 b(th) n(us) 2026 3869 y(forcing) 38 b(more) f(task) h(migration) g(and) g(hence) h(loss) 2026 3968 y(of) j(cac) n(he) f(state.) 81 b(P) n(erio) r(dic) 40 b(load) i(balancers) e(do) 2026 4068 y(not) 19 b(sho) n(w) f(suc) n(h) h (dramatic) f(\045-impro) n(v) n(emen) n(ts) g(o) n(v) n(er) 2026 4168 y(MQS) 27 b(and) h(actually) f(p) r(eak) g(at) h(medium) g(load.) 2109 4367 y(W) -7 b(e) 21 b(also) f(studied) i(the) f(e\013ect) h(of) f (c) n(hanging) e(p) r(o) r(ol-) 2026 4467 y(sizes.) 80 b(T) -7 b(able) 42 b(4) g(sho) n(ws) f(the) i(results) f(presen) n(ted) 2026 4566 y(in) k(T) -7 b(able) 45 b(2) g(for) g(p) r(o) r(olsize=8.) 89 b(The) 46 b(trend) g(for) 2026 4666 y(p) r(o) r(olsize=8) 24 b(are) g(v) n(ery) g(similar) g(to) h(those) g(for) f(p) r(o) r(ol-) 2026 4765 y(size=4.) 54 b(Ho) n(w) n(ev) n(er,) 34 b(the) g(p) r (erformance) f(impro) n(v) n(e-) 2026 4865 y(men) n(ts) f(are) f(not) h (as) g(signi\014can) n(t.) 49 b(The) 32 b(reason) f(for) 2026 4965 y(is) 37 b(that) h(during) e(sc) n(heduling) h(in) n(tra-p) r(o) r (ol) f(balanc-) 2026 5064 y(ing) 31 b(as) g(p) r(erformed) g(b) n(y) h (the) g(basic) f(PMQS) g(sc) n(hed-) 2026 5164 y(uler) 20 b(results) f(in) h(more) f(task) g(migrations.) 33 b(F) -7 b(or) 19 b(LBC) 2026 5264 y(w) n(e) 34 b(also) f(measured) g(the) h(p) r (erformance) f(for) g(p) r(o) r(ol-) 2026 5363 y(size=16) h(and) h(w) n (e) h(actually) e(see) i(relativ) n(e) e(p) r(erfor-) p 90 rotate dyy eop %%Page: 12 12 12 11 bop 249 3 3459 4 v 247 103 4 100 v 740 103 V Fj 814 73 a(200) p 987 103 V 121 w(400) p 1234 103 V 122 w(600) p 1481 103 V 121 w(800) p 1728 103 V 98 w(1000) p 1994 103 V 98 w(1200) p 2260 103 V 97 w(1400) p 2525 103 V 98 w(1600) p 2791 103 V 98 w(1800) p 3057 103 V 97 w(2000) p 3322 103 V 98 w(LBOFF) p 3706 103 V 249 106 3459 4 v 249 123 V 247 222 4 100 v 299 193 a(p) r(o) r(olsize=4) p 740 222 V 98 w(7.45) p 987 222 V 98 w(8.00) p 1234 222 V 98 w(8.03) p 1481 222 V 99 w(7.67) p 1728 222 V 116 w(8.93) p 1994 222 V 117 w(8.86) p 2260 222 V 117 w(8.35) p 2525 222 V 116 w(8.51) p 2791 222 V 117 w(9.35) p 3057 222 V 117 w(9.64) p 3322 222 V 192 w(16.30) p 3706 222 V 249 226 3459 4 v 247 325 4 100 v 299 296 a(p) r(o) r(olsize=8) p 740 325 V 98 w(2.55) p 987 325 V 98 w(2.52) p 1234 325 V 98 w(2.56) p 1481 325 V 99 w(3.01) p 1728 325 V 116 w(2.69) p 1994 325 V 117 w(3.72) p 2260 325 V 117 w(3.26) p 2525 325 V 116 w(3.99) p 2791 325 V 117 w(3.79) p 3057 325 V 117 w(4.67) p 3322 325 V 234 w(6.02) p 3706 325 V 249 329 3459 4 v 249 482 a(T) -7 b(able) 37 b(3:) 57 b(Impact) 38 b(of) g(LB) f(in) n(v) n(o) r(cation) f(frequency) i(\(in) g(msecs\)) f(for) g(LBC) h(as) f(compared) f(to) i(MQS) g(for) 249 582 y(p) r(o) r(olsizes) 27 b(4) g(and) h(8) f(and) g(Mkb) r(enc) n (h\(B=4\).) p 407 772 1312 4 v 405 872 4 100 v Fa 457 842 a(Sche) l(duler) p 848 872 V 865 872 V Fj 127 w(B=2) p 1139 872 V 123 w(B=4) p 1428 872 V 122 w(B=8) p 1717 872 V 407 875 1312 4 v 405 975 4 100 v 848 975 V 865 975 V 943 945 a(\(32\)) p 1139 975 V 141 w(\(64\)) p 1428 975 V 99 w(\(128\)) p 1717 975 V 407 978 1312 4 v 405 1078 4 100 v 457 1048 a(DSS) p 848 1078 V 865 1078 V 304 w(-3.93) p 1139 1078 V 111 w(-3.25) p 1428 1078 V 112 w(-3.47) p 1717 1078 V 407 1081 1312 4 v 405 1181 4 100 v 457 1151 a(LBOFF) p 848 1181 V 865 1181 V 202 w(3.02) p 1139 1181 V 140 w(6.02) p 1428 1181 V 98 w(16.85) p 1717 1181 V 407 1184 1312 4 v 405 1284 4 100 v 457 1254 a(IP) p 848 1284 V 865 1284 V 399 w(2.09) p 1139 1284 V 99 w(13.02) p 1428 1284 V 97 w(14.26) p 1717 1284 V 407 1287 1312 4 v 405 1386 4 100 v 457 1357 a(LBP-45) p 848 1386 V 865 1386 V 206 w(0.57) p 1139 1386 V 140 w(1.62) p 1428 1386 V 140 w(1.19) p 1717 1386 V 407 1390 1312 4 v 405 1489 4 100 v 457 1460 a(LBP-10) p 848 1489 V 865 1489 V 179 w(-0.13) p 1139 1489 V 139 w(0.62) p 1428 1489 V 112 w(-0.13) p 1717 1489 V 407 1493 1312 4 v 405 1592 4 100 v 457 1562 a(LBC) p 848 1592 V 865 1592 V 315 w(1.98) p 1139 1592 V 140 w(2.56) p 1428 1592 V 140 w(2.18) p 1717 1592 V 407 1596 1312 4 v 249 1749 a(T) -7 b(able) 25 b(4:) 35 b(PMQS) 25 b(\(p) r(o) r(olsize=8\)) f(as) h (compared) f(to) 249 1849 y(MQS,DSS) 41 b(for) e(Mkb) r(enc) n(h) h (con\014gurations) f(with) 249 1949 y(v) -5 b(arying) 21 b(n) n(um) n(b) r(er) h(\(B\)) g(of) g(k) n(ernel) f(builds) h(on) g(a) g(4x4-) 249 2048 y(w) n(a) n(y) k(NUMA) j(system.) 249 2411 y(mance) 45 b(degrations) e(as) h(compared) g(to) g(MQS) h(of) 249 2511 y(2.27\045,) 28 b(1.31\045) g(and) h(1.01\045) f(for) g(B=2,4,8) f (resp) r(ec-) 249 2610 y(tiv) n(ely) -7 b(.) 332 2810 y(Ha) n(ving) 25 b(ev) -5 b(aluated) 25 b(the) h(e\016cacy) f(of) h (PMQS) f(for) 249 2909 y(NUMA) 47 b(based) f(systems) g(for) f(k) n (ernel) g(compiles,) 249 3009 y(and) 27 b(ha) n(ving) e(estabilished) i (that) g(a) f(p) r(o) r(olsize) h(equal) 249 3109 y(the) 43 b(n) n(um) n(b) r(er) g(of) g(cpus) g(p) r(er) g(no) r(de) g(pro) n (vides) f(the) 249 3208 y(greatest) 36 b(b) r(ene\014t,) k(w) n(e) c (no) n(w) g(turn) h(our) f(atten) n(tion) 249 3308 y(to) h(whether) f (pro) n(viding) f(smaller) h(p) r(o) r(olsize) g(b) r(ears) 249 3407 y(an) n(y) 28 b(e\013ect.) 42 b(F) -7 b(or) 29 b(that) g(w) n(e) g (executed) g(the) g(parallel) 249 3507 y(k) n(ernel) 21 b(builds) i(\(B=1,2,4,8\)) d(on) i(an) g(8-w) n(a) n(y) e(Net\014n-) 249 3607 y(it) n(y) 30 b(SMP) f(system.) 43 b(The) 30 b(\\-j") f(factor) f (w) n(as) h(c) n(hosen) 249 3706 y(as) c(8) g(to) h(again) e(pro) n (vide) h(the) h(same) f(load) g(p) r(er) g(CPU) 249 3806 y(as) e(in) h(the) f(NUMA) i(system.) 35 b(W) -7 b(e) 24 b(v) -5 b(aried) 23 b(the) h(p) r(o) r(ol-) 249 3906 y(size) 36 b(from) f(1) h(to) g(8.) 61 b(The) 36 b(results) g(are) f (presen) n(ted) 249 4005 y(in) i(T) -7 b(able) 37 b(5) g(and) g(are) f (relativ) n(e) g(to) h(MQS) g(p) r(erfor-) 249 4105 y(mance.) 62 b(First) 36 b(w) n(e) f(observ) n(e) g(that) h(the) h(DSS) f(and) 249 4204 y(MQS) 31 b(ha) n(v) n(e) f(only) g(marginal) g(di\013erences) h (in) g(their) 249 4304 y(p) r(erformances) 26 b(across) g(all) h(loads) g(B.) 332 4503 y(LBOFF) 32 b(and) g(IP) g(are) g(extremely) f(sensitiv) n(e) h(to) 249 4603 y(lo) n(w) g(load) h(situations) g(\(B=1,2\)) f (and) h(small) g(p) r(o) r(ol-) 249 4703 y(sizes) 41 b(and) f(substan) n(tially) h(underp) r(erform) f(MQS.) 249 4802 y(Both) 29 b(sho) n(w) e(go) r(o) r(d) h(impro) n(v) n(emen) n(ts) g(only) g(for) g(B=4) 249 4902 y(and) h(p) r(o) r(olsize=2,4.) 40 b(In) 29 b(general,) g(LBP-45,) e(LBP-) 249 5001 y(10) 36 b(and) g(LBC) g(demonstrate) f(small) h(o) n(v) n(erall) e(p) r(er-) 249 5101 y(formance) 29 b(impro) n(v) n(emen) n(ts) f(throughout) i(the) g (con-) 249 5201 y(\014guration) 48 b(space) h(of) g(p) r(o) r(olsizes) f (and) h(buildfac-) 249 5300 y(tors) 30 b(considered.) 44 b(F) -7 b(urthermore,) 30 b(for) g(high) g(loads) 249 5400 y(\(B=8\)) f(no) h(meaningful) f(di\013erence) h(with) g(resp) r (ect) 2026 852 y(to) 24 b(MQS) h(can) f(b) r(e) h(established) f(indep) r(enden) n(t) h(from) 2026 951 y(the) 20 b(p) r(o) r(olsize.) 33 b(Though) 19 b(no) g(de\014nite) h(selection) f(can) 2026 1051 y(b) r(e) 28 b(made,) f(in) g(general) f(LBs) h(outp) r(erform) f (LBOFF) 2026 1151 y(and) 36 b(IP) -7 b(.) 36 b(In) g(particular) f (LBP-45) f(seem) i(to) g(sho) n(w) 2026 1250 y(the) 41 b(b) r(est) h(o) n(v) n(erall) c(p) r(erformance) i(while) h(running) 2026 1350 y(Mkb) r(enc) n(h.) 53 b(W) -7 b(e) 33 b(note) g(that) g (LBOFF) g(with) g(p) r(o) r(ol-) 2026 1450 y(size=8) g(is) h (e\013ectiv) n(ely) g(an) f(MQS) h(sc) n(heduler) g(with) 2026 1549 y(the) i(c) n(hanges) f(made) h(to) g(idle) g(pro) r(cess) f(iden) n(ti\014ca-) 2026 1649 y(tion.) 2109 1848 y(Ov) n(erall) 30 b(for) g(NUMA) j(system) e(w) n(e) g(ha) n(v) n(e) f(sho) n(wn) 2026 1948 y(that) e(PMQS) f(pro) n(vides) f(increasingly) g(b) r(etter) i(p) r(er-) 2026 2047 y(formance) 21 b(as) g(compared) g(to) h(MQS) g(when) g (the) h(load) 2026 2147 y(increases) 30 b(and) h(when) h(the) g(p) r(o) r(olsize) e(is) i(equal) f(the) 2026 2247 y(n) n(um) n(b) r(er) i(of) g (cpus) f(in) i(the) f(system.) 53 b(LBOFF) 32 b(and) 2026 2346 y(IP) 39 b(pro) n(vided) e(b) n(y) i(far) f(the) i(largest) d(b) r (ene\014ts.) 72 b(In) 2026 2446 y(con) n(trast,) 43 b(w) n(e) d(ha) n (v) n(e) g(sho) n(wn) f(for) i(a) f(single) g(SMP) -7 b(,) 2026 2545 y(that) 28 b(LBOFF) g(and) g(IP) g(ha) n(v) n(e) f(the) i (opp) r(osite) f(e\013ect) 2026 2645 y(when) g(the) g(p) r(o) r(olsize) f(is) g(decreased.) 2109 2844 y(This) 35 b(ev) -5 b(aluation) 34 b(suggest) g(that) h(Mkb) r(enc) n(h) g(on) 2026 2944 y(a) 27 b(NUMA) g(system) g(migh) n(t) g(b) r(ene\014t) h(from) e(a) h (mixed) 2026 3044 y(load) 33 b(balancing) h(approac) n(h) e(wherein) i (in) n(tra) f(no) r(de) 2026 3143 y(balancing) 26 b(is) h(p) r (erformed) g(based) g(on) f(LBs) h(and) g(in-) 2026 3243 y(terno) r(de) 20 b(balancing) g(is) g(p) r(erformed) h(using) f(no) g (load-) 2026 3342 y(balancing) 27 b(or) f(IP) -7 b(.) p Fi 2026 3674 a(7.2) 105 b(Chat) 34 b(Ev) -6 b(aluation) p Fj 2109 4005 a(The) 23 b(Chat) f(b) r(enc) n(hmark) g(w) n(as) g(run) g (for) g(three) h(dif-) 2026 4105 y(feren) n(t) 29 b(con\014gurations) e (ranging) g(from) h(10) g(ro) r(oms,) 2026 4204 y(100) e(messages) g(p) r(er) i(user) f(to) g(30) g(ro) r(oms,) f(300) g(mes-) 2026 4304 y(sages.) 32 b(F) -7 b(or) 18 b(brevit) n(y) -7 b(,) 20 b(these) f(con\014gurations) d(are) i(la-) 2026 4404 y(b) r(elled) 32 b(\(10,100\),) e(\(20,200\)) g(and) h(\(30,300\)) f(where) 2026 4503 y(the) 53 b(\014rst) e(n) n(um) n(b) r(er) h(refers) g(to) g(the) g(n) n(um) n(b) r(er) g(of) 2026 4603 y(ro) r(oms) 26 b(and) i(the) g(second) e(one) h(refers) g(to) g(the) h(n) n(um-) 2026 4703 y(b) r(er) g(of) f(messages.) 2109 4902 y(The) 42 b(results) g(for) g(the) h(4x4-w) n(a) n(y) d(NUMA) j(sys-) 2026 5001 y(tem) 35 b(with) g(p) r(o) r(olsize) f(4,) i(8) e(and) h(16) e (are) h(sho) n(wn) g(in) 2026 5101 y(T) -7 b(able) 37 b(6.) 67 b(MQS) 37 b(impro) n(v) n(es) f(o) n(v) n(er) g(DSS) i(b) r (et) n(w) n(een) 2026 5201 y(277\045) e(and) g(482\045) g(for) g(this) h (sc) n(heduler) f(in) n(tensiv) n(e) 2026 5300 y(b) r(enc) n(hmark.) d (F) -7 b(or) 18 b(PMQS,) g(in) h(general) e(w) n(e) h(observ) n(e) 2026 5400 y(the) 29 b(almost) g(in) n(v) n(erse) e(b) r(eha) n(vior) g(when) j(comparing) p 90 rotate dyy eop %%Page: 13 13 13 12 bop 249 3 1646 4 v 247 103 4 100 v Fj 299 73 a(P) n(o) r(olSize) p 653 103 V 670 103 V 167 w(B=1) p 986 103 V 150 w(B=2) p 1302 103 V 150 w(B=4) p 1618 103 V 109 w(B=8) p 1893 103 V 249 106 1646 4 v 249 123 V 247 222 4 100 v Fa 994 193 a(DSS) p 1893 222 V 249 226 1646 4 v 247 325 4 100 v Fj 438 296 a(N/A) p 653 325 V 670 325 V 186 w(0.48) p 986 325 V 167 w(0.95) p 1302 325 V 140 w(-0.42) p 1618 325 V 98 w(-1.37) p 1893 325 V 249 329 1646 4 v 249 332 V 247 432 4 100 v Fa 931 402 a(LBOFF) p 1893 432 V 249 435 1646 4 v 247 535 4 100 v Fj 563 505 a(1) p 653 535 V 670 535 V 116 w(-34.10) p 986 535 V 139 w(-9.55) p 1302 535 V 167 w(3.18) p 1618 535 V 126 w(0.25) p 1893 535 V 249 538 1646 4 v 247 638 4 100 v 563 608 a(2) p 653 638 V 670 638 V 116 w(-17.57) p 986 638 V 139 w(-3.96) p 1302 638 V 125 w(10.88) p 1618 638 V 126 w(3.12) p 1893 638 V 249 641 1646 4 v 247 741 4 100 v 563 711 a(4) p 653 741 V 670 741 V 116 w(-12.72) p 986 741 V 166 w(4.05) p 1302 741 V 126 w(13.59) p 1618 741 V 98 w(-0.21) p 1893 741 V 249 744 1646 4 v 247 844 4 100 v 563 814 a(8) p 653 844 V 670 844 V 185 w(2.20) p 986 844 V 167 w(3.37) p 1302 844 V 168 w(3.11) p 1618 844 V 126 w(0.47) p 1893 844 V 249 847 1646 4 v 249 850 V 247 950 4 100 v Fa 1028 920 a(IP) p 1893 950 V 249 953 1646 4 v 247 1053 4 100 v Fj 563 1023 a(1) p 653 1053 V 670 1053 V 116 w(-19.71) p 986 1053 V 97 w(-10.51) p 1302 1053 V 139 w(-0.43) p 1618 1053 V 98 w(-1.02) p 1893 1053 V 249 1056 1646 4 v 247 1156 4 100 v 563 1126 a(2) p 653 1156 V 670 1156 V 157 w(-9.00) p 986 1156 V 140 w(-6.60) p 1302 1156 V 125 w(15.02) p 1618 1156 V 98 w(-0.83) p 1893 1156 V 249 1159 1646 4 v 247 1259 4 100 v 563 1229 a(4) p 653 1259 V 670 1259 V 116 w(-10.88) p 986 1259 V 139 w(-2.89) p 1302 1259 V 125 w(12.98) p 1618 1259 V 98 w(-8.35) p 1893 1259 V 249 1262 1646 4 v 247 1362 4 100 v 563 1332 a(8) p 653 1362 V 670 1362 V 157 w(-7.58) p 986 1362 V 98 w(-10.91) p 1302 1362 V 97 w(-11.99) p 1618 1362 V 98 w(-1.09) p 1893 1362 V 249 1365 1646 4 v 249 1368 V 247 1468 4 100 v Fa 931 1438 a(LBP-45) p 1893 1468 V 249 1471 1646 4 v 247 1571 4 100 v Fj 563 1541 a(1) p 653 1571 V 670 1571 V 185 w(2.82) p 986 1571 V 167 w(3.61) p 1302 1571 V 168 w(2.75) p 1618 1571 V 126 w(0.30) p 1893 1571 V 249 1574 1646 4 v 247 1674 4 100 v 563 1644 a(2) p 653 1674 V 670 1674 V 185 w(2.28) p 986 1674 V 140 w(-4.03) p 1302 1674 V 167 w(5.70) p 1618 1674 V 126 w(4.26) p 1893 1674 V 249 1677 1646 4 v 247 1777 4 100 v 563 1747 a(4) p 653 1777 V 670 1777 V 185 w(0.16) p 986 1777 V 167 w(1.07) p 1302 1777 V 168 w(8.34) p 1618 1777 V 126 w(0.52) p 1893 1777 V 249 1780 1646 4 v 247 1880 4 100 v 563 1850 a(8) p 653 1880 V 670 1880 V 185 w(5.69) p 986 1880 V 167 w(3.68) p 1302 1880 V 168 w(3.19) p 1618 1880 V 126 w(0.23) p 1893 1880 V 249 1883 1646 4 v 249 1886 V 247 1986 4 100 v Fa 931 1956 a(LBP-10) p 1893 1986 V 249 1989 1646 4 v 247 2089 4 100 v Fj 563 2059 a(1) p 653 2089 V 670 2089 V 185 w(5.47) p 986 2089 V 167 w(4.37) p 1302 2089 V 168 w(3.07) p 1618 2089 V 126 w(0.39) p 1893 2089 V 249 2092 1646 4 v 247 2192 4 100 v 563 2162 a(2) p 653 2192 V 670 2192 V 157 w(-1.77) p 986 2192 V 140 w(-2.53) p 1302 2192 V 167 w(4.73) p 1618 2192 V 126 w(0.62) p 1893 2192 V 249 2195 1646 4 v 247 2295 4 100 v 563 2265 a(4) p 653 2295 V 670 2295 V 185 w(3.30) p 986 2295 V 167 w(4.07) p 1302 2295 V 168 w(4.33) p 1618 2295 V 98 w(-0.25) p 1893 2295 V 249 2298 1646 4 v 247 2398 4 100 v 563 2368 a(8) p 653 2398 V 670 2398 V 185 w(4.11) p 986 2398 V 167 w(3.09) p 1302 2398 V 168 w(3.01) p 1618 2398 V 126 w(0.24) p 1893 2398 V 249 2401 1646 4 v 249 2404 V 247 2504 4 100 v Fa 987 2474 a(LBC) p 1893 2504 V 249 2507 1646 4 v 247 2607 4 100 v Fj 563 2577 a(1) p 653 2607 V 670 2607 V 185 w(2.22) p 986 2607 V 140 w(-2.49) p 1302 2607 V 167 w(2.98) p 1618 2607 V 98 w(-0.18) p 1893 2607 V 249 2610 1646 4 v 247 2710 4 100 v 563 2680 a(2) p 653 2710 V 670 2710 V 185 w(0.23) p 986 2710 V 167 w(3.58) p 1302 2710 V 168 w(3.23) p 1618 2710 V 126 w(0.39) p 1893 2710 V 249 2713 1646 4 v 247 2813 4 100 v 563 2783 a(4) p 653 2813 V 670 2813 V 185 w(4.49) p 986 2813 V 167 w(0.53) p 1302 2813 V 168 w(3.32) p 1618 2813 V 98 w(-0.06) p 1893 2813 V 249 2816 1646 4 v 247 2916 4 100 v 563 2886 a(8) p 653 2916 V 670 2916 V 185 w(0.91) p 986 2916 V 167 w(2.37) p 1302 2916 V 168 w(2.20) p 1618 2916 V 98 w(-0.13) p 1893 2916 V 249 2919 1646 4 v 249 3068 a(T) -7 b(able) 20 b(5:) 33 b(PMQS) 19 b(as) h(compared) f(to) h(MQS,DSS) h(for) 249 3168 y(Mkb) r(enc) n(h) g(con\014gurations) e(with) i(v) -5 b(arying) 19 b(n) n(um) n(b) r(er) 249 3267 y(\(B\)) i(of) g(k) n (ernel) f(builds) h(on) g(an) g(8-w) n(a) n(y) e(SMP) h(system.) 249 3607 y(Chat) 42 b(and) h(Mkb) r(enc) n(h.) 81 b(Here,) 46 b(all) c(PMQS) f(v) n(er-) 249 3706 y(sions) 24 b(either) h(substan) n (tially) f(underp) r(erform) g(MQS) 249 3806 y(or) d(break) g(ev) n (en.) 35 b(The) 22 b(higher) f(the) i(load,) f(the) h(w) n(orse) 249 3906 y(the) 30 b(p) r(erformance) e(degradation.) 39 b(Increasing) 28 b(the) 249 4005 y(p) r(o) r(olsize) 22 b(also) e(increases) h(the) h(p) r(erformance) f(for) g(all) 249 4105 y(PMQS) 37 b(but) i(LBP-45.) 65 b(The) 38 b(reason) e(for) h(this) h(is) 249 4204 y(that) 29 b(Chat) h(has,) f(due) g(to) g(the) h (send/recv) d(in) n(terac-) 249 4304 y(tions) g(b) r(et) n(w) n(een) h (threads,) f(rapidly) f(c) n(hanging) h(run-) 249 4404 y(queue) 38 b(lengths,) j(whic) n(h) d(then) h(trigger) e(load) h(bal-) 249 4503 y(ancing) 26 b(as) g(observ) n(ed) f(in) i(Figures) f(4-6.) 35 b(It) 27 b(is) g(lik) n(ely) 249 4603 y(that) c(the) g(frequen) n(t) f (load) f(balancing) h(leads) g(to) g(con-) 249 4703 y(tin) n(uously) j (mo) n(ving) f(tasks,) h(often) g(b) r(efore) g(they) g(get) 249 4802 y(a) 31 b(c) n(hance) g(to) g(run.) 48 b(In) n(v) n(estigating) 29 b(this) j(asp) r(ect) f(is) 249 4902 y(part) c(of) h(our) f(future) h (w) n(ork.) 332 5101 y(W) -7 b(e) 44 b(no) n(w) g(turn) g(our) f(atten) n(tion) h(to) g(the) g(SMP) 249 5201 y(case) 29 b(to) h(answ) n(er) f (the) i(question) e(whether) i(p) r(o) r(oling) 249 5300 y(within) 23 b(an) f(SMP) g(pro) n(vides) f(b) r(ene\014ts.) 36 b(The) 23 b(results) 249 5400 y(are) 39 b(sho) n(wn) g(in) h(T) -7 b(able) 39 b(7.) 73 b(With) 40 b(the) g(exception) p 2026 3 1644 4 v 2024 103 4 100 v Fa 2076 73 a(Sche) l(duler) p 2467 103 V 2484 103 V Fj 117 w(\(10,100\)) p 2878 103 V 98 w(\(20,200\)) p 3273 103 V 97 w(\(30,300\)) p 3668 103 V 2026 106 1644 4 v 2026 109 V 2024 209 4 100 v 2076 179 a(DSS) p 2467 209 V 2484 209 V 382 w(-63.92) p 2878 209 V 176 w(-74.95) p 3273 209 V 176 w(-79.26) p 3668 209 V 2026 213 1644 4 v 2026 216 V 2024 315 4 100 v Fa 2650 286 a(Po) l(olsize=4) p 3668 315 V 2026 319 1644 4 v 2024 418 4 100 v Fj 2076 389 a(LBOFF) p 2467 418 V 2484 418 V 253 w(-27.59) p 2878 418 V 176 w(-50.29) p 3273 418 V 176 w(-53.70) p 3668 418 V 2026 422 1644 4 v 2024 521 4 100 v 2076 491 a(IP) p 2467 521 V 2484 521 V 450 w(-39.05) p 2878 521 V 176 w(-53.62) p 3273 521 V 176 w(-59.29) p 3668 521 V 2026 525 1644 4 v 2024 624 4 100 v 2076 594 a(LBP-45) p 2467 624 V 2484 624 V 326 w(0.65) p 2878 624 V 177 w(-15.26) p 3273 624 V 176 w(-25.34) p 3668 624 V 2026 628 1644 4 v 2024 727 4 100 v 2076 697 a(LBP-10) p 2467 727 V 2484 727 V 257 w(-13.92) p 2878 727 V 176 w(-18.38) p 3273 727 V 176 w(-19.25) p 3668 727 V 2026 731 1644 4 v 2024 830 4 100 v 2076 800 a(LBC) p 2467 830 V 2484 830 V 408 w(-1.14) p 2878 830 V 217 w(-9.54) p 3273 830 V 218 w(-4.41) p 3668 830 V 2026 834 1644 4 v 2026 837 V 2024 936 4 100 v Fa 2650 907 a(Po) l(olsize=8) p 3668 936 V 2026 940 1644 4 v 2024 1039 4 100 v Fj 2076 1010 a(LBOFF) p 2467 1039 V 2484 1039 V 295 w(-7.55) p 2878 1039 V 176 w(-40.64) p 3273 1039 V 176 w(-51.32) p 3668 1039 V 2026 1043 1644 4 v 2024 1142 4 100 v 2076 1112 a(IP) p 2467 1142 V 2484 1142 V 450 w(-27.38) p 2878 1142 V 176 w(-40.98) p 3273 1142 V 176 w(-47.15) p 3668 1142 V 2026 1146 1644 4 v 2024 1245 4 100 v 2076 1215 a(LBP-45) p 2467 1245 V 2484 1245 V 257 w(-16.32) p 2878 1245 V 176 w(-30.18) p 3273 1245 V 176 w(-25.74) p 3668 1245 V 2026 1249 1644 4 v 2024 1348 4 100 v 2076 1318 a(LBP-10) p 2467 1348 V 2484 1348 V 326 w(2.76) p 2878 1348 V 177 w(-14.85) p 3273 1348 V 176 w(-14.27) p 3668 1348 V 2026 1352 1644 4 v 2024 1451 4 100 v 2076 1421 a(LBC) p 2467 1451 V 2484 1451 V 408 w(-3.27) p 2878 1451 V 217 w(-0.66) p 3273 1451 V 218 w(-0.23) p 3668 1451 V 2026 1455 1644 4 v 2026 1458 V 2024 1557 4 100 v Fa 2629 1528 a(Po) l(olsize=16) p 3668 1557 V 2026 1561 1644 4 v 2024 1660 4 100 v Fj 2076 1631 a(LBC) p 2467 1660 V 2484 1660 V 408 w(-1.42) p 2878 1660 V 217 w(-2.44) p 3273 1660 V 218 w(-4.62) p 3668 1660 V 2026 1664 1644 4 v 2026 1813 a(T) -7 b(able) 20 b(6:) 33 b(PMQS) 19 b(as) h(compared) f(to) h(MQS,DSS) h(for) 2026 1912 y(Chat) 28 b(on) f(a) g(4x4-w) n(a) n(y) e(NUMA) k(system.) 2026 2183 y(of) 39 b(LBC) h(at) f(v) n(ery) f(high) i(load,) i(PMQS) d (substan-) 2026 2283 y(tially) c(underp) r(erforms) g(MQS.) h(PMQS) f (still) g(out-) 2026 2383 y(p) r(erforms) 22 b(DSS.) i(Tw) n(o) d (general) h(trends) g(can) h(b) r(e) g(ob-) 2026 2482 y(serv) n(ed) h(within) i(eac) n(h) e(category) -7 b(.) 34 b(P) n(erformance) 23 b(in-) 2026 2582 y(creases) 28 b(for) i(an) n(y) f(giv) n(en) h(load) f(and) h(LB) g(algorithm) 2026 2682 y(with) 25 b(increasing) e(the) h(p) r(o) r(olsize) g(and) g(p) r (erformance) 2026 2781 y(increases) i(with) i(load.) p Fh 2026 3202 a(8) 112 b(Conclusions) 37 b(and) h(F) -9 b(uture) 38 b(w) m(ork) p Fj 2109 3507 a(In) 47 b(our) f(previous) f(w) n(ork,) 50 b(w) n(e) c(addressed) g(the) 2026 3607 y(scalabilit) n(y) f (limitations) i(of) f(the) g(default) h(Lin) n(ux) 2026 3706 y(sc) n(heduler) 22 b(\(DSS\).) h(W) -7 b(e) 23 b(prop) r(osed) e(a) h(Multi) h(Queue) 2026 3806 y(Sc) n(heduler) 35 b(\(MQS\)) h(whic) n(h) g(used) g(p) r(er-CPU) f(run-) 2026 3906 y(queues) 40 b(instead) f(of) h(a) f(single) h(global) e (runqueue.) 2026 4005 y(Ho) n(w) n(ev) n(er,) 24 b(to) i(main) n(tain) f (strict) h(functional) g(equiv-) 2026 4105 y(alence) 39 b(with) g(DSS,) h(MQS) f(con) n(tin) n(ued) g(to) g(exam-) 2026 4204 y(ine) 22 b(all) f(runqueues,) h(alb) r(eit) g(in) n(telligen) n (tly) -7 b(,) 22 b(to) g(mak) n(e) 2026 4304 y(global) h(sc) n (heduling) h(decisions.) 35 b(In) 24 b(this) h(pap) r(er,) f(w) n(e) 2026 4404 y(tak) n(e) 37 b(the) h(w) n(ork) e(one) i(step) g(further) f (and) h(presen) n(t) 2026 4503 y(a) 50 b(P) n(o) r(oled) f(Multi) i (Queue) f(Sc) n(heduler) g(\(PMQS\)) 2026 4603 y(based) 21 b(on) g(MQS.) g(The) g(pro) r(cessors) e(of) i(an) g(SMP) g(are) 2026 4703 y(divided) k(in) n(to) f(p) r(o) r(ols) g(for) g(the) h(purp) r (ose) f(of) h(sc) n(hedul-) 2026 4802 y(ing) h(decisions,) g(reducing) g (the) g(n) n(um) n(b) r(er) g(of) h(remote) 2026 4902 y(CPU) 39 b(runqueues) g(that) h(need) f(to) g(b) r(e) h(examined.) 2026 5001 y(As) 28 b(this) g(can) g(lead) f(to) h(load) f(im) n(balances,) g (w) n(e) g(ha) n(v) n(e) 2026 5101 y(complemen) n(ted) h(PMQS) f(with) i (a) e(n) n(um) n(b) r(er) h(of) g(load) 2026 5201 y(balancers.) 2109 5400 y(W) -7 b(e) 43 b(ev) -5 b(aluated) 42 b(the) g(p) r(erformance) f (of) i(PMQS) p 90 rotate dyy eop %%Page: 14 14 14 13 bop 251 3 1623 4 v 249 103 4 100 v Fj 301 73 a(P) n(o) r(olSize) p 655 103 V 672 103 V 115 w(\(10,100\)) p 1066 103 V 98 w(\(20,200\)) p 1461 103 V 97 w(\(30,300\)) p 1856 103 V 1873 103 V 251 106 1623 4 v 251 123 V 249 222 4 100 v Fa 985 193 a(DSS) p 1872 222 V 251 226 1623 4 v 249 325 4 100 v Fj 440 296 a(N/A) p 655 325 V 672 325 V 195 w(-44.03) p 1066 325 V 176 w(-73.90) p 1461 325 V 176 w(-81.97) p 1856 325 V 1873 325 V 251 329 1623 4 v 251 332 V 249 432 4 100 v Fa 921 402 a(LBOFF) p 1872 432 V 251 435 1623 4 v 249 535 4 100 v Fj 565 505 a(1) p 655 535 V 672 535 V 194 w(-50.54) p 1066 535 V 176 w(-49.98) p 1461 535 V 176 w(-47.17) p 1856 535 V 1873 535 V 251 538 1623 4 v 249 638 4 100 v 565 608 a(2) p 655 638 V 672 638 V 194 w(-34.43) p 1066 638 V 176 w(-42.67) p 1461 638 V 176 w(-44.68) p 1856 638 V 1873 638 V 251 641 1623 4 v 249 741 4 100 v 565 711 a(4) p 655 741 V 672 741 V 194 w(-24.98) p 1066 741 V 176 w(-10.63) p 1461 741 V 176 w(-11.50) p 1856 741 V 1873 741 V 251 744 1623 4 v 249 844 4 100 v 565 814 a(8) p 655 844 V 672 844 V 194 w(-16.17) p 1066 844 V 217 w(-5.65) p 1461 844 V 218 w(-6.90) p 1856 844 V 1873 844 V 251 847 1623 4 v 251 850 V 249 950 4 100 v Fa 1018 920 a(IP) p 1872 950 V 251 953 1623 4 v 249 1053 4 100 v Fj 565 1023 a(1) p 655 1053 V 672 1053 V 194 w(-49.19) p 1066 1053 V 176 w(-53.84) p 1461 1053 V 176 w(-48.43) p 1856 1053 V 1873 1053 V 251 1056 1623 4 v 249 1156 4 100 v 565 1126 a(2) p 655 1156 V 672 1156 V 194 w(-34.59) p 1066 1156 V 176 w(-41.88) p 1461 1156 V 176 w(-43.84) p 1856 1156 V 1873 1156 V 251 1159 1623 4 v 249 1259 4 100 v 565 1229 a(4) p 655 1259 V 672 1259 V 194 w(-17.90) p 1066 1259 V 176 w(-15.09) p 1461 1259 V 176 w(-10.91) p 1856 1259 V 1873 1259 V 251 1262 1623 4 v 249 1362 4 100 v 565 1332 a(8) p 655 1362 V 672 1362 V 194 w(-16.80) p 1066 1362 V 217 w(-9.01) p 1461 1362 V 218 w(-8.22) p 1856 1362 V 1873 1362 V 251 1365 1623 4 v 251 1368 V 249 1468 4 100 v Fa 922 1438 a(LBP-45) p 1872 1468 V 251 1471 1623 4 v 249 1571 4 100 v Fj 565 1541 a(1) p 655 1571 V 672 1571 V 194 w(-39.51) p 1066 1571 V 176 w(-25.90) p 1461 1571 V 176 w(-13.98) p 1856 1571 V 1873 1571 V 251 1574 1623 4 v 249 1674 4 100 v 565 1644 a(2) p 655 1674 V 672 1674 V 194 w(-28.31) p 1066 1674 V 176 w(-14.98) p 1461 1674 V 217 w(-2.88) p 1856 1674 V 1873 1674 V 251 1677 1623 4 v 249 1777 4 100 v 565 1747 a(4) p 655 1777 V 672 1777 V 194 w(-12.38) p 1066 1777 V 217 w(-3.66) p 1461 1777 V 218 w(-2.53) p 1856 1777 V 1873 1777 V 251 1780 1623 4 v 249 1880 4 100 v 565 1850 a(8) p 655 1880 V 672 1880 V 194 w(-14.79) p 1066 1880 V 217 w(-6.20) p 1461 1880 V 218 w(-5.98) p 1856 1880 V 1873 1880 V 251 1883 1623 4 v 251 1886 V 249 1986 4 100 v Fa 922 1956 a(LBP-10) p 1872 1986 V 251 1989 1623 4 v 249 2089 4 100 v Fj 565 2059 a(1) p 655 2089 V 672 2089 V 194 w(-35.17) p 1066 2089 V 176 w(-11.18) p 1461 2089 V 176 w(-14.73) p 1856 2089 V 1873 2089 V 251 2092 1623 4 v 249 2192 4 100 v 565 2162 a(2) p 655 2192 V 672 2192 V 194 w(-30.70) p 1066 2192 V 217 w(-8.64) p 1461 2192 V 218 w(-1.29) p 1856 2192 V 1873 2192 V 251 2195 1623 4 v 249 2295 4 100 v 565 2265 a(4) p 655 2295 V 672 2295 V 194 w(-20.34) p 1066 2295 V 217 w(-5.88) p 1461 2295 V 218 w(-1.09) p 1856 2295 V 1873 2295 V 251 2298 1623 4 v 249 2398 4 100 v 565 2368 a(8) p 655 2398 V 672 2398 V 194 w(-12.85) p 1066 2398 V 217 w(-5.09) p 1461 2398 V 218 w(-7.75) p 1856 2398 V 1873 2398 V 251 2401 1623 4 v 251 2404 V 249 2504 4 100 v Fa 978 2474 a(LBC) p 1872 2504 V 251 2507 1623 4 v 249 2607 4 100 v Fj 565 2577 a(1) p 655 2607 V 672 2607 V 194 w(-31.08) p 1066 2607 V 176 w(-13.90) p 1461 2607 V 217 w(-0.52) p 1856 2607 V 1873 2607 V 251 2610 1623 4 v 249 2710 4 100 v 565 2680 a(2) p 655 2710 V 672 2710 V 194 w(-29.06) p 1066 2710 V 217 w(-7.06) p 1461 2710 V 246 w(3.36) p 1856 2710 V 1873 2710 V 251 2713 1623 4 v 249 2813 4 100 v 565 2783 a(4) p 655 2813 V 672 2813 V 194 w(-19.95) p 1066 2813 V 217 w(-4.45) p 1461 2813 V 246 w(2.83) p 1856 2813 V 1873 2813 V 251 2816 1623 4 v 249 2916 4 100 v 565 2886 a(8) p 655 2916 V 672 2916 V 194 w(-16.00) p 1066 2916 V 245 w(4.22) p 1461 2916 V 246 w(8.31) p 1856 2916 V 1873 2916 V 251 2919 1623 4 v 249 3068 a(T) -7 b(able) 20 b(7:) 33 b(PMQS) 19 b(as) h(compared) f(to) h(MQS,DSS) h(for) 249 3168 y(Chat) 28 b(on) f(an) g(8-w) n(a) n(y) f(SMP) h(system.) 249 3507 y(and) d(the) g(di\013eren) n(t) g(load) f(balancers) f(against) g(MQS) 249 3607 y(and) 38 b(DSS) h(on) f(a) g(4x4-w) n(a) n(y) e(NUMA) j (system) f(and) 249 3706 y(on) 48 b(an) g(8-w) n(a) n(y) e(SMP) i (using) g(t) n(w) n(o) f(b) r(enc) n(hmarks.) 249 3806 y(The) 30 b(Mkb) r(enc) n(h) g(b) r(enc) n(hmark,) g(whic) n(h) f(is) h (through-) 249 3906 y(put) 35 b(orien) n(ted,) h(b) r(ene\014tted) f(o) n(v) n(erall) e(from) h(PMQS) 249 4005 y(while) g(the) g(Chat) f(b) r (enc) n(hmark) g(did) h(not.) 55 b(W) -7 b(e) 34 b(b) r(e-) 249 4105 y(liev) n(e) 28 b(that) h(Mkb) r(enc) n(h) g(is) g(more) e (represen) n(tativ) n(e) g(of) 249 4204 y(serv) n(er) i(w) n(orkloads) f (as) j(it) g(consists) f(of) h(largely) e(un-) 249 4304 y(related) g(tasks) h(running) f(for) h(short) f(time) h(p) r(erio) r (ds.) 249 4404 y(Chat) c(is) g(more) g(of) g(a) g(microb) r(enc) n (hmark) f(with) h(v) n(ery) 249 4503 y(strong) 20 b(in) n(teractions) g (b) r(et) n(w) n(een) g(a) h(large) e(n) n(um) n(b) r(er) i(of) 249 4603 y(tasks) 31 b(leading) g(to) h(a) f(v) n(ery) g(high) h(rate) f (of) h(sc) n(hedul-) 249 4703 y(ing) 27 b(decisions.) 36 b(Di\013eren) n(t) 28 b(conclusions) f(w) n(ere) f(also) 249 4802 y(dra) n(wn) j(ab) r(out) h(the) g(relativ) n(e) f(p) r (erformance) g(of) h(the) 249 4902 y(load) d(balancers.) 332 5101 y(The) 35 b(p) r(o) r(oling) g(sc) n(heduler) f(and) g(load) h (balancers) 249 5201 y(c) n(hosen) g(for) h(study) g(are) g (preliminary) f(implemen-) 249 5300 y(tations) 42 b(of) h(the) g (general) e(concept) h(of) h(sub) r(divid-) 249 5400 y(ing) 28 b(pro) r(cessors) d(in) n(to) i(p) r(o) r(ols) h(and) f (regulating) g(load) 2026 83 y(across) 19 b(them.) 35 b(The) 20 b(c) n(hoice) g(of) h(these) f(implemen) n(ta-) 2026 183 y(tions) 29 b(w) n(as) e(dictated) i(b) n(y) g(simplicit) n(y) g (and) f(a) h(desire) 2026 282 y(to) e(mak) n(e) g(incremen) n(tal) g(c) n(hanges) f(to) i(MQS.) 2109 482 y(The) 70 b(p) r(erformance) f(ev) -5 b(aluation) 70 b(has) g(some) 2026 581 y(lessons) 34 b(for) h(future) h(w) n(ork.) 58 b(First,) 37 b(p) r(o) r(oling) e(do) r (es) 2026 681 y(sho) n(w) f(b) r(ene\014ts) i(o) n(v) n(er) e(and) h (ab) r(o) n(v) n(e) f(those) h(seen) g(b) n(y) 2026 780 y(m) n(ulti) 20 b(queue) f(sc) n(hedulers) f(alone.) 34 b(Aggressiv) n(e) 17 b(load) 2026 880 y(balancing) 31 b(is) g(generally) f(a) h(bad) h(idea) f(as) g(it) h(tends) 2026 980 y(to) g(o) n(v) n(ercorrect) d(for) i(load) h(im) n(balances) f (and) h(leads) 2026 1079 y(to) 27 b(excessiv) n(e) g(task) g (migrations.) 2109 1279 y(As) g(part) f(of) h(our) f(future) h(w) n (ork,) f(w) n(e) g(will) h(lo) r(ok) f(at) 2026 1378 y(load) 35 b(balancing) g(algorithms) f(whic) n(h) i(try) f(to) h(bal-) 2026 1478 y(ance) 30 b(loads) f(asymptotically) -7 b(.) 45 b(W) -7 b(e) 31 b(will) f(also) g(tak) n(e) 2026 1577 y(a) 22 b(fresh) f(lo) r(ok) g(at) h(the) h(approac) n(h) d(of) i (running) f(a) h(load) 2026 1677 y(balancing) 37 b(mo) r(dule) h(p) r (erio) r(dically) -7 b(.) 67 b(It) 39 b(migh) n(t) f(b) r(e) 2026 1777 y(b) r(etter) 25 b(to) g(in) n(tegrate) f(load) g(balancing) p Fa 24 w(functional-) 2026 1876 y(ity) p Fj 28 w(in) n(to) j(the) h(sc) n (heduler) f(co) r(de.) 2109 2076 y(Ov) n(erall) 40 b(w) n(e) h(b) r (eliev) n(e) h(that) g(PMQS) e(is) i(a) f(v) n(ery) 2026 2175 y(\015exible) 51 b(extension) f(to) h(MQS) f(and) h(b) r(oth) g (ha) n(v) n(e) 2026 2275 y(sho) n(wn) 40 b(small) h(to) f(signi\014can) n(t) g(p) r(erformance) g(im-) 2026 2374 y(pro) n(v) n(emen) n(ts) 27 b(o) n(v) n(er) h(DSS.) i(The) f(p) r(o) r(oling) g(approac) n(h) 2026 2474 y(has) h(sho) n(wn) f(promise) h(and) g(merits) g(further) g(in) n (v) n(es-) 2026 2574 y(tigation.) p Fh 2026 2982 a(9) 112 b(Ac) m(kno) m(wledgmen) m(ts) p Fj 2109 3274 a(W) -7 b(e) 37 b(w) n(ould) g(lik) n(e) g(to) f(thank) h(the) h(man) n(y) e(p) r(eople) 2026 3374 y(on) 58 b(the) p Ff 58 w(lse-tech@lists.so) o(urc) o (ef) o(or) o(ge.) o(ne) o(t) p Fj 2026 3474 a(mailing) 41 b(list) h(who) f(pro) n(vided) f(us) i(with) f(v) -5 b(aluable) 2026 3573 y(commen) n(ts) 32 b(and) f(suggestions) g(during) g(the) i(dev) n(el-) 2026 3673 y(opmen) n(t) e(of) g(these) h (alternativ) n(e) e(sc) n(heduler) g(imple-) 2026 3773 y(men) n(tations.) 86 b(Christine) 44 b(Mo) r(ore) f(of) h(the) g(Op) r (en) 2026 3872 y(Source) 26 b(Dev) n(elopmen) n(t) h(Lab) g(has) g(b) r (een) h(b) r(een) f(v) n(ery) 2026 3972 y(helpful) h(in) g(pro) n (viding) d(access) h(to) h(16-w) n(a) n(y) e(NUMA) 2026 4072 y(systems.) 36 b(This) 28 b(w) n(ork) e(w) n(as) h(dev) n(elop) r (ed) g(as) g(part) g(of) 2026 4171 y(the) 38 b(Lin) n(ux) e(Scalabilit) n(y) h(E\013ort) f(on) h(SourceF) -7 b(orge) 2026 4271 y(\() p Ff(lse.sourceforge.n) o(et) p Fj -1 w(\).) 47 b(Here) 32 b(y) n(ou) g(can) h(\014nd) 2026 4370 y(more) 41 b(detailed) h(descriptions) e(of) i(our) f(sc) n(heduler) 2026 4470 y(implemen) n(tations) 33 b(as) f(w) n(ell) h(as) g(the) g(latest) g(source) 2026 4570 y(co) r(de.) p Fh 2026 4978 a(References) p Fj 2026 5201 a([1]) 41 b(Daniel) 19 b(P) -7 b(.) 19 b(Bo) n(v) n(et) f (and) h(Marco) f(Cesati.) k(Under-) 2155 5300 y(standing) i(the) h(Lin) n(ux) f(Kernel.) 30 b(O) 3231 5279 y(\023) 3221 5300 y(Reilly) 24 b(Asso-) 2155 5400 y(ciates.) p 90 rotate dyy eop %%Page: 15 15 15 14 bop Fj 249 83 a([2]) 41 b(R.) 27 b(Bry) n(an) n(t) e(and) i(B.) f (Hartner.) 35 b(Ja) n(v) -5 b(a) 25 b(T) -7 b(ec) n(hnol-) 378 183 y(ogy) g(,) 43 b(Threads,) h(and) c(Sc) n(heduling) h(in) g(Lin) n (ux.) p Fa 378 282 a(Java) 31 b(T) -6 b(e) l(chnolo) l(gy) 31 b(Up) l(date) p Fj(,) d(4\(1\),) f(Jan) g(2000.) 249 448 y([3]) 41 b(R.) 59 b(Bry) n(an) n(t) d(and) i(J.) g(Ha) n(wk) n (es.) 126 b(Lo) r(c) n(kme-) 378 548 y(ter:) 60 b(Highly-Informativ) n (e) 38 b(Instrumen) n(tation) 378 648 y(for) g(Spin) h(Lo) r(c) n(ks) e (in) h(the) h(Lin) n(ux) f(Kernel.) 67 b(In) p Fa 378 747 a(Pr) l(o) l(c.) 28 b(F) -6 b(ourth) 27 b(A) n(nnual) e(Linux) h (Showc) l(ase) i(and) 378 847 y(Confer) l(enc) l(e,) j(A) n(tlanta) p Fj(,) d(Oct) f(2000.) 249 1013 y([4]) 41 b(S.) 22 b(Curran) e(and) h (M.) g(Stumm.) 49 b(A) 22 b(Comparison) 378 1112 y(of) 36 b(basic) f(CPU) g(Sc) n(heduling) h(Algorithms) f(for) 378 1212 y(Multipro) r(cessor) 26 b(Unix.) p Fa 37 w(Computer) k(Systems) p Fj(,) 378 1312 y(3\(4\):551{579,) 24 b(Octob) r(er) j(1990.) 249 1478 y([5]) 41 b(M.) 47 b(Kra) n(v) n(etz,) i(H.) d(F) -7 b(rank) n(e,) 50 b(S.) d(Nagar,) i(and) 378 1577 y(R.) 38 b(Ra) n(vindran.) 66 b(Enhancing) 37 b(Lin) n(ux) g(Sc) n(hed-) 378 1677 y(uler) 49 b(Scalabilit) n(y) -7 b(.) 101 b(In) p Fa 49 w(Pr) l(o) l(c) l(e) l(e) l(dings) 50 b(of) h(the) 378 1777 y(Ottawa) 41 b(Linux) g(Symp) l(osium,) k(Ottawa,) f(CA) p Fj(,) 378 1876 y(July) 28 b(2001.) 249 2042 y([6]) 41 b(S.) 46 b(Mollo) n(y) e(and) g(P) -7 b(.) 45 b(Honeyman.) 89 b(Scalable) 378 2142 y(Lin) n(ux) 57 b(Sc) n(heduling.) 124 b(In) p Fa 57 w(Usenix) 56 b(A) n(nnual) 378 2242 y(T) -6 b(e) l(chnic) l(al) 70 b(Confer) l(enc) l(e) g(\(F) -6 b(r) l(e) l(enix) 67 b(T) -6 b(r) l(ack\)) p Fj(,) 378 2341 y(June) 28 b(2001.) 35 b(T) -7 b(o) 27 b(app) r(ear.) 249 2507 y([7]) 41 b(M.) 59 b(S.) f(Squillan) n(te) g(and) g(Edw) n(ard) e (A.) j(La-) 378 2607 y(zo) n(wsk) -5 b(a.) 85 b(Using) 33 b(Pro) r(cessor-Cac) n(he) c(A\016nit) n(y) 378 2707 y(Information) 24 b(in) h(Shared-Memory) e(Multipro-) 378 2806 y(cessor) k(Sc) n(heduling) h(.) p Fa 38 w(T) -6 b(r) l(ansactions) 31 b(on) g(Par-) 378 2906 y(al) t(lel) 44 b(and) f(Distribute) l(d) g(Systems) p Fj(,) h(4\(2\):131{) 378 3005 y(143,) 26 b(F) -7 b(ebruary) 27 b(1993.) 249 3171 y([8]) 41 b(M.) 59 b(S.) f(Squillan) n(te) g(and) g(Edw) n(ard) e(A.) j (La-) 378 3271 y(zo) n(wsk) -5 b(a.) 85 b(Using) 33 b(Pro) r (cessor-Cac) n(he) c(A\016nit) n(y) 378 3371 y(Information) 24 b(in) h(Shared-Memory) e(Multipro-) 378 3470 y(cessor) k(Sc) n (heduling) h(.) p Fa 38 w(T) -6 b(r) l(ansactions) 31 b(on) g(Par-) 378 3570 y(al) t(lel) 44 b(and) f(Distribute) l(d) g (Systems) p Fj(,) h(4\(2\):131{) 378 3670 y(143,) 26 b(F) -7 b(ebruary) 27 b(1993.) 249 3836 y([9]) 41 b(J.) 48 b(T) -7 b(orellas,) 51 b(A.) e(T) -7 b(uc) n(k) n(er,) 52 b(and) 47 b(A.) i(Gupta.) 378 3935 y(Ev) -5 b(aluating) 55 b(the) i(P) n(erformance) c(of) j(Cac) n(he-) 378 4035 y(A\016nit) n(y) 63 b(Sc) n(heduling) f(in) h(Shared-Memory) 378 4134 y(Multipro) r(cessors.) p Fa 151 w(Journal) j(of) g(Par) l(al) t (lel) 378 4234 y(and) 56 b(Distribute) l(d) f(Computing) p Fj(,) 64 b(24\(2\):139{) 378 4334 y(151,) 26 b(F) -7 b(ebruary) 27 b(1995.) p 90 rotate dyy eop %%Trailer end userdict /end-hook known{end-hook}if %%EOF